Internet-available-software Essay

I. Executive summary introduction  There is a great interest in internet-available-software that provides alternative for high-cost software available in the market. Prospective purchasers all over the world find themselves in a situation wherein they have to choose between quality and cost. Th Premium6366 Words26 Pages Review of Related Literature and Studies CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Studies rely on information researched by the proponents. Review of Related Literature In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is em Premium1418 Words6 Pages A Proposed Computerized Payroll System Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction As computer technology changes at such fast phase, many businesses sectors try to cope up by upgrading computer system constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi function ability of technology for its advance system i Premium1938 Words8 Pages Payroll System Problem Statement The study specifically seeks to answer the following problems in manual payroll process: †¢ Speed in processing payroll tends to be slow. †¢ Prone to mathematical errors that could consume much time than it should and could cause financial or legal trouble. †¢ Ta Premium832 Words4 Pages Payroll System Documentation DEVELOPMENT OF WEBSITE FOR JARO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 2-1 Chapter 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Introduction Information System is processing of information received and transmitted to produce an efficient and effective process. One of the most typical information systems is the Transaction Pro Premium2286 Words10 Pages Generic Employee Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System Using Sensor CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Considered as one of the vital factors in any working environment, is tracking the working hours of employees for their payroll. Tracking the working hours is a prime necessity for computing wages. The record keeping tracks of some companies wer Premium624 Words3 Pages Payroll System Colegio de San Juan de Letran – Calamba Calamba City Computerized Payroll System Camacho, Juliet C. Cartaà ±o. Merriane Vi S. Valdez, Charmaine A. A Thesis Proposal Submitted to Ms. Precious A. Daytia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in ENG 113 Scientific Paper Writing Fo Premium7003 Words29 Pages Payroll System Foreign Literature From Mr. Junald Astronomo Lagod Any small business owner can tell you that paying employees involves a lot more than writing a check every two weeks. There are dozens of laws governing employee compensation. If you don’t want to run afoul of various government agencies, you ha Premium438 Words2 Pages Automated Payroll System Automated Payroll System Chapter 1-Introduction 1.Background of the Study â€Å"Kainan ni Aling Cadiang† was started on November 1997, before it was a canteen where in they have four stall located at Farmers Market Araneta Cubao Q.C.In 2004, the place was renovated by the Farmers Market Manag Premium1802 Words8 Pages Payroll System Design Payroll system design System Feasibility Study April 16, 2010, 8:54 am | | In the field of computer and technology, there always an option to automate things likes payroll system, inventory system, lighting system, and sales system. But of course, before the automation of any system, a Premium4841 Words20 Pages Payroll System Diamond Discovery Payroll Systems Operations and Procedures Manual Contents Registration________________________________________________ ______ 4 Entering an Upgrade PIN_____________________________________________________ 5 Closing the Software for the First Time ____________________________ Premium23658 Words95 Pages Payroll System Documentation INTRODUCTION Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation and support management of information system. It helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate and/ or disseminate information. We used the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. I Premium2951 Words12 Pages Related Literature CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model that describes the relationship between personal financial wellness and employee job productivity and test a part of the model. This chapter presents the review of related research of the components Premium10839 Words44 Pages The Biometric Attendance Recording and Payroll System CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the problem In any company, it is very important to monitor the employee’s attendance or time for accurate payroll and discipline. Some companies and schools are using manual punch card to record the employee’s attendance wh Premium1299 Words6 Pages Computerized Payroll System Proposed Computerized Payroll System For City Mayor’s Market Administration Office IT-303 Group no. 6 Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Nowadays, business establishment or corporation must use modern technologies to make their tasks easier and faster, technologies that w

Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes

Chapter 1 – Quotes â€Å"A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories† pg.1 This is the opening line of the novel and it paints a picture of what the city is like. It is grey meaning there is no life and individuality, it is quite dull and that the building being â€Å"only† thirty-four stories high indicates that it is a smaller building compared to those that surround it and that this world is dissimilar to what we have at present. â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability† pg.1 This is the motto of this brave new world. Community through one another working hand in hand and applying themselves fully at whatever job they have been assigned to undergo. Identity of each human being known as either an Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Deltas or Epsilon. And finally, stability within the brave new world through each type of human knowing their role within the process and that there will be no unhappiness within the humans. â€Å"Cold for all the summers beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself† pg.1 Here we see the artificial nature of the brave new world. There is no heat emitted throughout highlighting the fact that the humans in the world are somewhat artificial too. The rooms are not heated through a natural process although it is all done through machinery and if not even summer would be a cold season. â€Å"Hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light frozen, dead, a ghost.† pg.1 This provides another insight into the world which has been created through the various processes and techniques that have been implemented in the brave new world. It shows that there is no uniqueness within the community and that everyone is if they are dead and that they is no actual life. â€Å"For particulars, as everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils† pg.2 This shows that everybody within the brave new world has been made for a singular purpose and that they can only fulfill that purpose. Liking what you are doing provides virtue and happiness and so there are particulars although having generalities and room for potential and ability to rise above others is evil. This is the message that the director provides the students to show that this is the best way forward and that the way it was carried out ‘before-Ford' was a problem to all. â€Å"Year of stability A.F 632† pg.2 The director talking to the students, always refers to what they are doing as the â€Å"year of stability†, the year were the process of what they are doing to create a brave new world stabilizes and continues to bring well-being to those brought up with it. A.F stands for â€Å"After-Ford†, the creator of the Ford T-Model, and the dates are based on around him. â€Å"Alphas and Betas remained until definitely bottled; while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were brought out again† pg.3 This is the process that was applied to the various embryos to determine the intellectual capabilities of each individual. The more oxygen a type received the higher their intelligence would be so that is why the alphas and betas, the smarter humans, would remain with oxygen while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons would only have a certain amount of time with oxygen as they were not required to do high intellectual jobs. â€Å"But a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, and will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress† pg.3-4 Yet again the director tells the students of his beloved process which form adults which they see at present. In a normal process, eggs will bud and form one embryo to form a full-sized adult although in the brave new world, a Bokanovsky egg due to scientific enchantments, are able to produce over ninety adults. This shows that there has been significant advancements in the human race and that they believe that progress is the key. â€Å"‘Bokanovsky's Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!' Major instruments of social stability. Standard men and women; in uniform batches.† pg.5 Bokanovsky's process is the one that is ruling over the brave new world. It allows for certain type of people to be born with a certain limit to their intellectual capabilities and as a result it provides the social stability that was being looked for. It provides both men and women to do the same job with the same abilities to do so and so it provides stability. â€Å"Like chickens drinking, the students lifted their eyes towards the distant ceiling† pg.8 This shows that even those who are on a tour of the process are conditioned in such as way that they to do things at the same pace and share the same amount of interest in the topic at hand. It also highlights the fact that there is not much room for uniqueness within the brave new world and that humans are at a point where they are nearly as unique as a chicken in a group of them. â€Å"So we allow as many as thirty per cent of the female embryos to develop normally. The others get a dose of male sex-hormone every twenty-four metres for the rest of the course. Result: they're decanted as freemartins – structurally quite normal†¦but sterile.† Pg.10 Here we see the process that is carried out to make female adults although make sure that they do not have the capability or desires to reproduce as this would cause a disruption to the ‘stability' of brave new world. The process involves allowing the female to develop normally for thirty-percent although they are then given a dose of male sex-hormone so that they are freemartins and at the same time still structurally fine. â€Å"‘The lower the caste, the shorter the oxygen'† pg.11 The Alphas, Betas, Gamma, Deltas and Epsilons are all differently intellectually capable and this is due to the amount of oxygen that they receive as embryos. The more oxygen that one receives the higher the intelligence, as Alphas do the most amount work needing intelligence they are given the most oxygen and so then are recognized as Alphas while the least amount of oxygen is given to those who do not need much intelligence to complete their task which Epsilons. â€Å"‘But in Epsilons, we don't need human intelligence† pg.11 Epsilons are the lowest caste within the brave new world society and they do not need a large amount of human intelligence to complete their role in the society. As they do not need this intelligence they are starved of oxygen so they do not move up within the castes and so stability is upheld. â€Å"‘And that,' put in the Director sententiously, ‘that is the secret of happiness and virtue – liking what you've got to so. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their unescapable social destiny† pg .12 The process that is involved in making a human is one of ease in the brave new world and for that to continue the people that are born must be conditioned into liking what they have to do. For example, if an Epsilon was conditioned into liking cleaning toilets they would be rewarded as a child to go near toilets although if they were not, they would not like this job and therefore there would be an uprising. Conditioning is all about making people like their unescapable social destiny. â€Å"They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with well-being; in fact they're only truly happy when they're standing on their heads† pg.13-14 This underlies the process of conditioning, undergoing processes so that the human is associated with the job or role they play, even if that means making them hate books and flowers. Here we see that the embryos are placed upside-down so that when they are born that is the state that they feel comfortable in and that they will be conditioned to do their job with better results. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 2 – Quotes â€Å"Books and loud noises, flowers and electric shocks†¦They'll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an â€Å"instinctive† hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned.'† pg.17 This is another example of where conditioning changes the natural growth of a person. In this example we see that babies are conditioned to hate books and flowers through the use of playing loud noises whenever they played with books and giving them slight electric shocks whenever they played with flowers. This then meant that the babies when grow up and have a hatred for books and flowers and will want nothing to do with them which allows them to do certain jobs within the society. â€Å"It was decided to abolish the love of nature, at any rate among the lower classes† pg.18 Abolishing the love of nature allows for certain types of people to do certain jobs within the brave new world society without the hatred of doing the job. This is especially forced upon the lower classes including Deltas and Epsilons as they required the conditioning to do things of low intelligence and therefore there will be no uprising against what they are assigned to do. â€Å"‘We conditioned the masses to hate the country, but simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports† pg.18 Here is another example of where conditioning sets a particular liking and disliking for different things. In this example it is of hating he country so that people do not have the intention to travel there although they love the country sports so they can watch it on television resulting in their past times filled instead of wanting to do other activities. â€Å"(Here the Director made a sign of the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit)† pg. 20 The ‘T' symbol indicates the significance of Henry Ford's T-Model car and that not only does the director respect what he has contributed to make the brave new world possible but the students to understand that he is a god like figure and must be respected. â€Å"Elementary Class Consciousness†¦All wear green and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no, I don't want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. They're too stupid to be able to read or write. Besides, they wear black, which is such a beastly colour. I'm so glad I'm a Beta. Alpha children wear grey† pg. 22 This shows that each class of people, the Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons have different uniforms to wear so that they can be easily recognized by others. For example, Delta children wear khaki, Epsilons wear black, and Alphas wear grey. Even this child who is talking in this example says he is glad to be a Beta because he is conditioned in such a way that he does like being who he is and does not want it any other way. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 3 – Quotes â€Å"Mustapha Mond†¦Bernard Marx†¦Lenina Crowne† pg.28 These three people all hold significant background histories in different areas although the names are changed slightly within the novel. Mustapha Mond is the Resident World Controller of Western Europe, one of only ten World Controllers. He was once an ambitious, young scientist performing illicit research. When his work was discovered, he was given the choice of going into exile or training to become a World Controller. Bernard Marx an Alpha male who fails to fit in because of his inferior physical stature. He holds unorthodox beliefs about sexual relationships, sports, and community events. His insecurity about his size and status makes him discontented with the World State. Bernard's surname recalls Karl Marx, the nineteenth-century German author best known for writing Capital, a monumental critique of capitalist society. Finally, Lenina Crowne is a vaccination worker at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. She is an object of desire for a number of major and mino r characters, including Bernard Marx and John. Her behavior is sometimes intriguingly unorthodox, which makes her attractive to the reader. â€Å"Home, home – a few small rooms, stiflingly over-inhabited by a man, by a periodically teeming woman, by a rabble of boys and girls of all ages. No air, no space; an under sterilized prison; darkness, disease and smells† pg.31 This quote describes the living areas of the people within brave new world. They are not given much although they are conditioned to feel happy about what they have and they do not complain despite the fact that they are living with a large number of male and females as well as boys and girls in little space which teems full of diseases and unpleasant smells. â€Å"‘Dr. Wells advised me to have a Pregnancy Substitute.'† pg.32 This is Lenina Crowne talking, where she says that she is having a pregnancy substitute a process Since there is no live birth or pregnancy, only decanting, it is suggested that women take a pregnancy substitute, which lasts several months. The procedure is not described in detail. It is compulsory at age twenty-one, but some women have it as early as seventeen. â€Å"‘But everyone belongs to everyone else,† pg.34 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky's process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability' which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. â€Å"No wonder those poor pre-moderns were mad and wicked and miserable†¦they were not conditioned to obey†¦they were forced to feel strongly† pg.35 Here we see that there is a shift in time and that before Ford, people who were called ‘pre-moderns' were miserable and wicked because they were not conditioned and controlled by the community and could do whatever they liked and that cause a problem of society as well as feeling and supporting what they thought was correct. This to ‘moderns' sounds like a past that they do not want to go back to and therefore advocate the process and society they live in now. â€Å"No civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability† pg.36 Here we see the motto being used, especially that of stability within the brave new world. Stability is a key concept within the society and one that is believed to be needed for a civilization to proceed forward. This stability is only reached when individuals are stable and feel that and is why conditioning is such a major factor in this society. â€Å"Impulse arrested spills over, and the flood is feeling, the flood is passion, the flood is even madness† pg.37 Here we see that everyone in the society of brave new world is brainwashed and conditioned into thinking what the leaders believe to be correct, there is no uniqueness. The people believe that if they think and act for themselves there are consequences for doing so which is stated above, and the end result will be madness, something no one wants. â€Å"Shorten that interval, break down all those unnecessary barriers†¦'No pains have been spared to make your lives emotionally easy† pg.37 Here we see that the people of the brave new world are made to work only short spurts of time so that they do not have to face barriers which can hindered their performance. This therefore means that they are not faced with various emotional problems and can do the particular job that they were assigned to be at the best of their ability. â€Å"‘Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat'† pg.39 This is how the men speak of as the women. They are not as important as themselves but of must less significance despite the fact that they are of the same intellectual capabilities. When the men do see a good looking women they would often pay no respect for them as just as it states, talk of them like they are meat. â€Å"‘Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all'† pg. 40 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky's process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability' which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 4 – Quotes â€Å"Droning twilight of the well, the twilight of his habitual stupor. It was warm and bright on the roof. The summer afternoon was drowsy with the hum of passing helicopters; and the deeper drone of the rocket-planes hastening.† pg.51 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is mechanized and run my machinery. There is no need for humans to do certain jobs including reproduction as that has all been allocated to the machines to undergo that process. There is no natural buzz created by humans when working and there is no natural feeling although there is a dull hum of the machinery working consistently of where humans used to. â€Å"The malice and bad tempers from which other people had to take holidays never afflicted him† pg.52 In the brave new world there are a specified number of separate social castes and no more. Here we see that there is an odd example of Benito who always saw things sunny-side up. It was the nature within him to act of as if everyone deserved a second chance and that they are all good people at heart. He did not have a bad temper nor would be wish bad things upon other people. â€Å"To have dealings with members of the lower castes was always, for Bernard, a most distressing experience† pg.55†³ Here we see Bernard, of the higher class in the brave new world society, not wanting to deal with lower castes because he had been conditioned in such a way that people underneath with were not as good as him. They were below his dignity and he could not force himself to have any association with those people. It was just the way that the brave new world society operated. â€Å"The mockery made him feel like an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him† pg.55/56 Here we see how Bernard felt when talking to the various castes including the Gammas and Epsilons. He is treated as if he does not belong and that his reactions to this is to behave like an alien, alone and an outsider. It was because of the way that he dealt with the problem that the others began to increase their prejudice against him. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 5 – Quotes â€Å"Ant like pullulation of lower-caste activity† pg.63 This is describing the lower-caste population and comparing them to how ants work in everyday life. The jobs they did were monotonous unlike Alphas whose jobs were varied and diverse. The lower-caste did jobs that were boring and did not need much intellect to complete them although they enjoyed what they did because of the conditioning process that is in place in the brave new world. â€Å"‘Phosphorus recovery†¦One their way up the chimney the gases go through four separate treatments. Now they recover over ninety eight percent of it. More than a kilo and a half per adult corpse.† pg.63 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is not wasted even including human bodies after they have died. They have constructed a process which they extract phosphorous out of the decaying human body which is used for other purposes. This shows how different the brave new world is from the everyday world. â€Å"‘Everyone works for everyone else. We can't do without anyone'† pg.64 In the brave new world it is operated through everyone doing their job, without any fighting which is somewhat accomplished with the conditioning program that is compulsory for everyone within the brave new world. Everyone had a certain role to play and they must do their duty if progress it to continue into the future. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 6 – Quotes â€Å"‘When the individual feels, the community reels'† pg.81 Here we see that Lenina talking about how the individual must realize that they are part of the community and that it is practically all for one and one for all. If the individual does not pull their weight and contribute evenly to the community then the community will pay the prices. It does not matter if everyone else in the community is performing at their peak, but for the community to actually perform at its optimum, everyone must work. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 7 – Quotes â€Å"The tall houses rose like stepped and amputated pyramids into the blue sky† pg.92 Here we see that nothing in the brave new world is natural and nobody is individual and unique. Everything is the same and similarity overpowers uniqueness within the society. Everything which has been made has been done so in mass numbers including the houses and the pyramids which have been erected. â€Å"Cleanliness is next is next to fordliness† pg.94 In the brave new world, God is not the main figure of power within the world nor is he even recognized as a ruling power. Ford, the man who created the T-model car is the overpowering leader of the brave new world and has say over all the rules in the society. Nothing is god like, but Ford like, he is the divine leader of this new world. â€Å"We keep their internal secretions artificially balanced at a youthful equilibrium. We don't permit their magnesium-calcium ratio to fall below what it was at thirty. We give them transfusions of young blood. We keep their metabolism permanently stimulated† pg.95 Here we see another process which is taken to keep the brave new world functioning in such a way that it benefits the community. This process of giving everyone transfusions of young blood which not only keeps them feeling young but keeping their metabolism permanently stimulated allows for everyone to prevent the aging process as well as not growing old. â€Å"The place was queer, so what the music, so were the clothes and the hoisters and the skin diseases and the old people† pg.97 Here we see where the brave new world society has not assigned their ways on. It was so different to what people of the brave new world had experienced, everything that was not present in the brave new world including diseases and old people was present and this disgusted those who did not live in these conditions. This is the world that we live in at the present moment. â€Å"But his plaited hair was straw coloured, his eyes a pale blue, and his skin a white skin, bronzed† pg.100 This individual was one who had a mix of cross blood and was not one of the natives. This could be identified quite easily through the way his hair was coloured and was worn as well as they colour of his eyes and the colour of his skin. All these branded him as someone who was not an ‘actual' resident and was different to the others. â€Å"They disliked me for my complexion† pg.100 Here we see a young man talking to Lenina and he starts to cry because those who surrounded him thought and treated him like an outsider despite the fact that her tried so very hard to fit if, even happily get whipped to be accepted. Everyone did not like him for who is was and acted as if he belonged to someone else all because of his skin colour. â€Å"Linda and he were strangers in the Reservation† pg.101 Linda and her son came from the Other Place and so feel and were treated like they were not part of the group of the Reservation and that they were foreigners. Not only did they feel like they were not accepted they actually were not. â€Å"Front teeth were missing†¦so fat†¦flabbiness, the wrinkles. And the sagging cheeks wit those purplish blotches. And under the brown sack-shaped tunic those enormous breasts.† pg.102 In the brave new world everything is conditioned so that everyone can be kept at the same age and has the same metabolism although in the normal world they is no conditioning or mass production of babies. This is why when they saw this lady who was not beautiful and had many problems Lenina shuddered because she had never seen someone so ugly. â€Å"But it's all different here; it's like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad† pg.104 Here we see that see does not like living in the normal world outside from the brave new world as there is no conditioning and that there is room for improvement and never being happy with what one has. We also see that she is described our everyday lives of where there is no conditioning and that there are lunatics and everything is mad compared to the brave new world. â€Å"So they're having children all the time – like dogs†¦And yet John was a great comfort to me†¦It wasn't my business to know† pg.105 He we see that she has a child and in the brave new world they produce children on a mass scale, in a way just like dogs or animals do. Even though she does not like living in the world outside of the brave new world her child provided a lot of comfort and was different compared to that of the everyday world which is conditioned to perfection.

New Technology

New technologies that are being developed by the minute provide great convenience to today’s people. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine going about one’s daily tasks without the help of new technologies. Thus, every aspect of modern living, such as transportation, education, banking, manufacturing, and communication depend on modern technologies. Aside from the conveniences brought about by newly developed technologies, there is a host of opportunities that come along with these technologies.However, alongside the various technologies that make modern living easier, serious dangers and threats are also being developed, either consciously or otherwise. These threats are often posed against the security of information, and commonly consist of viruses and worms. Certain criminal and immoral acts that have been committed as a response to new technologies, such as information theft, also pose a threat to the safety of data.These threats come in various forms, and can range f rom simple delays and additional cost to graver consequences such as theft of money and other property. Worse, the dangers brought about by new technology could lead to blackmail and revelation of trade secrets. These dangers pose serious threat, not only to individuals, but more importantly, to institutions, businesses, and the government. Confidential information that is obtained without authority from government sites could produce dire consequences.The government, because of its role in society, necessarily keeps loads of information about its citizens, its agencies, and its national security. These data are kept by the government to serve its various roles as protector of society and provider of basic needs and services. These data are also made available to the government because of its unique position, and are not meant to be made available to everyone. If vital information is leaked or brought into the hands of the wrong people, there is no limit to the kind of damage that c an arise.Those individuals and organizations that are concerned with keeping their files private should take steps to protect their computer systems. Thus, there should be systems or individuals whose task it would be to protect computer systems and files from unauthorized access or from viruses.These reasons are the primary reasons why new courses are being offered in colleges and universities nowadays, which courses aim to train people on the business of ensuring the safety of computer information. One such field of specialization is called information assurance.The recent developments in information and computer technology and the resulting negative effects in the safety of businesses, institutions, and governments give rise to various opportunities to information assurance professionals. The field of information assurance involves people, policies, procedures, and computer equipment and programs that aim to protect information and computer systems.The development and proliferati on of new viruses and worms and the discovery of new techniques of obtaining information without authority challenge information assurance professionals to similarly develop new ways of dealing with the risks and threats. Moreover, there is a continuing challenge to professionals in this field to evolve as fast as the other side is evolving. Information assurance professionals must always be prepared to counteract whichever step is taken by people who want to destroy existing computer infrastructure.Thus, there is always a challenge to information assurance professionals to be able to provide information as they are needed by the end users, maintain the integrity of the information, ensure the authenticity of information through verification methods, maintain the confidentiality of information, and provide proof of the integrity and origin of data.The growing complexity of computer infrastructure and the increased use and dependence on computer systems all over the world made inform ation assurance a necessity.   The duties of an information assurance, consisting mainly of closing loopholes that may be used by unscrupulous hackers, are exciting and interesting.Thus, it has become my heart’s desire to study information assurance so that I may learn the fundamentals of computer infrastructure. I want to learn how to create, develop, and maintain a system of checks and quality controls that could help organizations protect their valuable and confidential data. I want to be at the forefront of the fight against dishonorable abuses of the computing technology. I want to be an expert in detecting and controlling any unauthorized intrusion to an organization’s computer infrastructure. This way, I am able to serve a vital role in society, that of protecting privacy and integrity of valuable information. New technology New technologies that are being developed by the minute provide great convenience to today’s people. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine going about one’s daily tasks without the help of new technologies. Thus, every aspect of modern living, such as transportation, education, banking, manufacturing, and communication depend on modern technologies. Aside from the conveniences brought about by newly developed technologies, there is a host of opportunities that come along with these technologies.However, alongside the various technologies that make modern living easier, serious dangers and threats are also being developed, either consciously or otherwise. These threats are often posed against the security of information, and commonly consist of viruses and worms. Certain criminal and immoral acts that have been committed as a response to new technologies, such as information theft, also pose a threat to the safety of data.These threats come in various forms, and can range f rom simple delays and additional cost to graver consequences such as theft of money and other property. Worse, the dangers brought about by new technology could lead to blackmail and revelation of trade secrets. These dangers pose serious threat, not only to individuals, but more importantly, to institutions, businesses, and the government. Confidential information that is obtained without authority from government sites could produce dire consequences.The government, because of its role in society, necessarily keeps loads of information about its citizens, its agencies, and its national security. These data are kept by the government to serve its various roles as protector of society and provider of basic needs and services. These data are also made available to the government because of its unique position, and are not meant to be made available to everyone. If vital information is leaked or brought into the hands of the wrong people, there is no limit to the kind of damage that c an arise.Those individuals and organizations that are concerned with keeping their files private should take steps to protect their computer systems. Thus, there should be systems or individuals whose task it would be to protect computer systems and files from unauthorized access or from viruses.These reasons are the primary reasons why new courses are being offered in colleges and universities nowadays, which courses aim to train people on the business of ensuring the safety of computer information. One such field of specialization is called information assurance.The recent developments in information and computer technology and the resulting negative effects in the safety of businesses, institutions, and governments give rise to various opportunities to information assurance professionals. The field of information assurance involves people, policies, procedures, and computer equipment and programs that aim to protect information and computer systems.The development and proliferati on of new viruses and worms and the discovery of new techniques of obtaining information without authority challenge information assurance professionals to similarly develop new ways of dealing with the risks and threats. Moreover, there is a continuing challenge to professionals in this field to evolve as fast as the other side is evolving. Information assurance professionals must always be prepared to counteract whichever step is taken by people who want to destroy existing computer infrastructure.Thus, there is always a challenge to information assurance professionals to be able to provide information as they are needed by the end users, maintain the integrity of the information, ensure the authenticity of information through verification methods, maintain the confidentiality of information, and provide proof of the integrity and origin of data.The growing complexity of computer infrastructure and the increased use and dependence on computer systems all over the world made inform ation assurance a necessity.   The duties of an information assurance, consisting mainly of closing loopholes that may be used by unscrupulous hackers, are exciting and interesting.Thus, it has become my heart’s desire to study information assurance so that I may learn the fundamentals of computer infrastructure. I want to learn how to create, develop, and maintain a system of checks and quality controls that could help organizations protect their valuable and confidential data. I want to be at the forefront of the fight against dishonorable abuses of the computing technology. I want to be an expert in detecting and controlling any unauthorized intrusion to an organization’s computer infrastructure. This way, I am able to serve a vital role in society, that of protecting privacy and integrity of valuable information.

Design Test Rig Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Design Test Rig - Coursework Example In some cases, test rigs are designed depending on the equipment to be tested. One example of a commercial test rig is the Crash Test Rig designed and fabricated by JK Controls Limited. The apparatus comprises of a trolley that hauls the sample being tested. The trolley, which moves along a track by rotating rubber cords, is stopped abruptly by applying a decelerating force using a solid beam (JK Controls Limited, n.d). The test rig facilitates the determination of the required braking force of equipment, which is dependent on the weight of the equipment, braking materials and the speed. Another example of a commercial test rig is the Aircraft Wing Brake Test Rig designed and fabricated by JK Controls Limited. The rig tests the braking system of an aircraft by subjecting a rotating shaft (of a prototype) to a brake that is electrically operated. The shaft, which rotates at 1500 rpm, has to be halted by the brake within 40ms (JK Controls Limited n.d). The test rig being designed will operate on the same basic principle, the application of a braking force to a rotating disk to prevent it from rotating. At equilibrium state, the braking beam will be in contact with the surface of the disk (stationary). The contact action will be achieved through a locking mechanism. Once the operator applies a force on the braking beam, at the contact patch, the braking beam retracts from the disk, which allows the disk to rotate. The test rig will be used for determining braking force required to stop a rotating disk within a given time. Therefore, the applied force will be used to disengage the braking system to allow the disk to rotate. Once the operator withdraws this force, the braking system will be engaged. The basic operation principle of the test rig is similar to the Crash Test Rig and the Aircraft Wing Brake Test Rig presented above. However, the rig will contain several other components that will work together to achieve the ultimate goal, braking action. Concept

Hildhood Experience of Male Chauvinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hildhood Experience of Male Chauvinism - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that childhood experiences play a great role in molding the future of human beings. The brain of a child is delicate and vulnerable and its development is influenced by the surroundings within which the child is brought up. A child who is subjected to abuse or grows in a family with parents who are uncaring or poor may find it hard to integrate with the society due to the negative attitude he/she may have based on the trauma and rejection during childhood. During researcher’s childhood approximately at the age of 5 and being the only girl in the household, she had a lot of pressure which originated from her pestering and abusive brothers who could not at one time appreciate the fact that being their only sister deserved the nice treatment her parents gave her. At the author’s age, she could not understand why she was the main source of conflict between her brothers and her parents. She respected them since they were senior to her and as such, there was no way she could have defended herself though sometimes physical fights erupted when her parents were not around to defend her, of which she always lost. Later in the day, the occurrences would have to be reported to the author’s parents especially her father who always showed a lot of affection towards her and the boys would get punished. Little did she know that reporting them would later turn out to be the worst mistake for they would wait for her parents, who were teachers in a neighboring school to leave so they can revenge.

International trade operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International trade operations - Essay Example Since 2000 however, although the revenues from exports to EU have increased, its share has decreased with respect to total exports. With respect to the other industries such as cement and manufacturing, the theory is not applied. Therefore, the theory has been able to account for trade patterns with the EU-15 countries until 2000 with respect to the timber industry. The Heckscher – Ohlin theorem explains a country’s production characteristic by taking into account the various factors of labour, land and capital. A country is hypothesized to abundantly produce and export those types of goods that conform to its strengths, being either capital intensive or labour intensive. Moreover, similar to the theory of comparative advantage, the country need not necessarily have a particular resource in abundance; it only needs to be abundant with respect to the other resources. After taking into account, the various features of the country’s economy and resources, the writer applies the theory to the timber industry. Latvia’s high land ratio relative the population is used to explain the high percentage of timber exports as being a land – intensive product. Therefore, it seems to be quite satisfactory. However, when the case of countries such as Sweden and Finland is considered, the theory fails since they have lower population densities than Latvia. Once again, this theory is also not applied to other industries. In addition, both the theories deal with comparative advantage but do not have an account of changing comparative advantage of a nation or the future direction of the economy of a nation with respect to its strengths. 2) While both of the theories are able to explain some of the patterns of trade in a certain time period applied to a single industry, it might be argued that any theory of international trade will be able to do this (Zhang, 2008, p.71). The requirement of a theory is that it must be able to account for a majority of the factors that influence an economy. Its success is therefore determined by its proximity and applicability to practical situations that are very complex rather than explaining simple models. Hence, the theories can be considered as guiding principles upon which more complex theories of international trade are built upon. At the same time, it is not possible for a theory to account for all of the changes over a long period of time and must be constantly updated. The theories have provided a starting point for development of more inclusive models. An important trait of a theory is that it is able to simplify the various factors that it deals with. For this purpose and for academic analysis, complex practical situations are often isolated and studied independently of the other. However, the application of the traditional theories of comparative advantage and that of the Hecksher – Ohlin model has proved that they have been successful only in certain conditions. As economie s around the world and the factors influencing them have become numerous and more complex, a need for a more effective theory(s) that incorporates many of these factors has grown. Therefore, the writer has been ambitious in concluding that the theories have been able to corroborate findings with respect to the Latvian economy and its trade partners. However, the article provides a considerable amount of information that is useful to the Latvian

Dealing with academic challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dealing with academic challenge - Essay Example The students feel that their peer of the dominant culture has greater experience in all or most things. Consequently, the fresh students may be reluctant to communicate their contrary opinions and may be influenced in accepting offered opinions by the other students, supervisors, or tutors. Self-concept into autonomy (Carr, 2013) is however a solution to this problem and requires input from different stakeholders such as the freshman international students, their classmates, their teachers, and their parents and family. Even though discussing the concept from a more specific perspective, Conradi (2014) explains the role of self-concept in motivation. The belief in oneself is likely to help a student confront divergent views for a better understanding of course concepts. Even when in doubt, a foreign and freshman student is able to overcome cultural limitations such as language barrier and to express opinions on learnt concepts for correcting wrong opinions from others and for facilit ating correction of personal opinions that may be wrong. Consequently foreign and freshman students should receive necessary support for developing positive self-concept towards active participation in class discussion and assertiveness in arguments for learning purposes. Teachers play an important role in creating a favorable environment for self-concept through mediation. Motivation from parents and support from peer are other factors to the role of self-concept in facilitating confidence in expressions and autonomy in learning. Interpersonal relationships with fellow students from either the dominant culture or those with experience in the culture as well as relationships with academic professionals are another solution to challenges that freshman international students face. Such associations are likely to expose a new student to academic challenges and possible solutions and therefore aid

My plan for self fulfillment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My plan for self fulfillment - Assignment Example I consider this my ideal self, for this is what I aspire to do or what I think’ I should’ do. Similarly my self-fulfillment would be in succeeding in my said goal. Therefore, it is imperative for me to take appropriate steps in order to achieve my goal which would lead to my ‘Self-fulfillment’ and the achievement of’ Ideal-self’. In order to succeed in my education I must allocate appropriate timings to devote myself for study. It would be possible by realizing that my studies are more important than play or any other indulgences. At the same time I must also realize what my responsibilities at home are. This can be fulfilled by contributing to my household chores equally and enthusiastically and lending hands to parents and family members in daily activities. Thirdly, in order for me to succeed in my professional life, I must be sincere and dedicated in my work and must contribute to the society effectively with my job. Ultimately to balance all of these three aspects of my life I must know how much time and effort to allocate for which role. Therefore, if I succeed in achieving this balance in life, I fulfill the concepts of ‘self-fulfillment’ and

Strengths and weaknesses on the research on managerial work Coursework

Strengths and weaknesses on the research on managerial work - Coursework Example Division of work: It helps to determine different works to different employees of the company. With these divisions works are performed effectively and efficiently under supervision of managers. Clear work division helps to make effective strategies for growth of the company. Responsibility division: Managerial work involves in dividing responsibility among its employees analyzing their skills and potentialities. It strengthens different work process of an organization by giving appropriate responsibilities to capable employees. It helps to make good managerial work process (Mintzberg, 1975).   Discipline: Strengths of a company is also dependent on maintaining its discipline. Strong management system helps to make and implement different disciplinary rules within an organization. It influences the work process and function for achieving and fulfilling its goals and objectives. Unity of direction: Managers are responsible for implementing and developing unity in organizational work process. The strength of this managerial work is it shows proper direction to the employees for working together to fulfil same business objectives. It helps to develop sense of unity among the employees.Centralization: Managerial work involves in conducting different functions in making centralization in business process. It helps the organization to implement various plans and policies to develop a smooth work process in its centralized business. Order: Managers gives orders their subordinates for performing different work activities.

Macroeconomic Performance of Canada during the Recent Crisis Assignment

Macroeconomic Performance of Canada during the Recent Crisis - Assignment Example Some countries were affected immensely while others were affected less. For instance, China was never affected as Australia (Organization for Economic Co-Operation†¦, 2006; Pg. 132). The Chinese economic growth never dropped below six percent while on the other hand, Australian economy was adversely affected up to a point that it experiences no growth in its economy for the whole quarter. Other economies including Mexico, Japan, and the United Kingdom had their annual GDPs contracting by between 5 and 10 percent per quarter a phenomenon that lasted between and seven quarters consecutively (Daudelin and Schwanen, 2008; Pg. 103). Notably, Canada also was not affected greatly be the recent global economic recession; therefore, this paper aims at analyzing whether its management during this economic trying times was due to its effective economic policies or just a mare luck. Introduction Numerous research works have since been conducted on the 20060 to 2011 global economic effect an d recovery of these economies from such crisis. Most reports from these research works indicate that economies that performed better despite the effects of global economic crisis have affective capitalized banking sectors, current account surplus, low loan to deposit rations, low growth rates and levels of credit to GDP private sectors, and high foreign exchange reserves (Piersanti, 2012; Pg. 44). Therefore, it appropriate to note that the economies that managed to move from the economic crises that were facilitated by global economic crisis had efficient and adversely effective policy decisions. Moreover, their financial crises were well managed by their institutions that reduced the vulnerability of these economies’ to the financial crisis. Canada managed the global economic crisis and its economic developments despite the crisis were reflected on its sustained economic growth that was reflected mainly on the domestic spending and its continued economic growth. Additionally , it stemmed from the debts of the debt crisis affecting the euro zone sovereign. Numerous factors are preempted to have helped Canada through the global economic crisis. Some of the postulated factors include the federal fiscal plans that favored low borrowing costs; thus, enhancing the market credibility (Organization for Economic Co-Operation†¦, 2006; Pg. 78). The Canadian banking system was and has remained sound and effective that it never required the taxpayers to bail it out during the crisis. Canada has also become one of the strong merging economies that most of the world economies shifted their purchasing power towards thereby stabilizing its economy. Despite these measures, the Canadian economy was slightly affected by global financial crisis. For instance, the crisis threatened its financial market by lowering business confidence among investors (Daudelin and Schwanen, 2008; Pg. 151). This lowered the interest rates thereby increasing the mortgage debts and increasi ng housing prices. However, same financial effect or effects never affected Canada as an economy but affected some parts or cities with Canada. Additionally, Canada for long time has enjoyed credible policies and strong institutions. Moreover, for many years, the Canadian economy has been pegged on capital input and increasing labor. The multi factor productivity growth has declined and weakened further for the decades. Canada has also registered poor R & D and partnering rates. Therefore, as means of curbing these problems, Canada opted increase its innovative measures

The Bravest Girl in the World Essay Example for Free

The Bravest Girl in the World Essay Malala Yousafzai was just 15 years old when she was shot in the head by the Taliban. The article The Bravest Girl in the World by Malala Yousafzai and Christina Lamb was presented in the December 9, 2013 issue of the upfront magazine. The article explained that the Taliban imposed harsh laws in the Pakistan region-including the banning of schooling for girls. Malala Yousafzai and her father defied those laws and spoke out about every girls right to attend school. Their defiance earned them many admirers and enemies. One day, while she was returning home from school, she was shot by the Taliban. She survived the attack and has become more famous-enabling her to spread her message to the entire world. I am honestly appalled at how a girl going to school is such a big deal in Pakistan. I completely agree with Malala and her dad, girls have the right to have an education and they should be treated equally to boys. I feel this way because education is empowering and can help girls and boys alike to grow up and achieve their dreams- why would anyone want to smash a young girls dream? Reading this story really makes you count your blessings and be thankful to have the privilege of going to school without worrying about your brains being blown out. I can connect to this situation because Im a girl, the main character is also a girl, and we have both been against sexism at one point of our lives. The only reason they had for opposing her learning was that she was a girl.  If it were a boy, they wouldnt have cared one bit about him learning. There are some things that I havent been allowed to do simply because I was a girl. (Paintballing is the only thing I can think of at the moment but I know there were more occasions.) Thankfully, its not to the extreme point of not being allowed to go to school. However, I remember a few years ago my sister wanted to go away to college and all my relatives disapproved because shes a girl and shouldnt go away by herself. My dad still let her go and she happily went to college, got her bachelors degree, and is now working on receiving her Masters degree. The writer communicated her message effectively by using narration. She told us what happened as if it were a story- she was also very descriptive. I noticed that the writer utilized similes; that doorway was like a magical entrance; epithets Bhai Jan, or brother'; and dialogue in the article. The use of these devices helped me understand the story better and made the article more interesting. Why do the Taliban despise the thought of women learning? Is it because they are afraid that its one step closer to equality? Was the gunman ever identified? After a bit of research, I found out that 10 men were arrested in connection to the shooting. Because of this tragedy, I think that laws that protect school children should be implemented. A law should be made against stopping in the middle of the road for random strangers- especially if they have half their face covered. Also, I believe that the best way to respond to this is to have ALL the girls go to school with protection. That way, the chance of another tragedy happening is alleviated. Yousafzai, Malala, and Christina Lamb. The Bravest Girl in the World. _The New York Times_ _Upfront_ 9 Dec. 2013: 12-15. Print.

Media and Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Media and Terrorism Essay Media and Terrorism which play the vital role all over the world, are the top-most headlines to be discussed at present. So first of all, I have defined both terms and then I have tried to explain their relationship and the role of Media towards Terrorism. What is Media? Communication is one of the most important features of life. A baby cries to communicate its hunger. But it is not just a one-way process. When the mother hears her baby crying she tries to make out whether it is because of its hunger or because it is suffering from some other discomfort. She administers to the baby in accordance with her interpretation of the cry that it is communicating. So communication is a two-way process where the response is part of the process. That we define as Medium. When the medium carries messages to a large number of people through technology like Newspapers, Radio, Television, Internet etc. then it becomes a mass medium and so we call it Media. What is Terrorism? The FBI defines as, Terrorism is the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Within this definition three elements are focused such as violence, fear and intimidation and each element produces terror in its victims. It is also to be noted that there are three perspectives of terrorism and they are terrorists, the victims, and the general public. So terrorism is a criminal act that influences an audience beyond the immediate victim. Media and Terrorism The Media plays an important role in the lives of the people. Some people believe that Media precedes the spread of ideas. The Media can spin and color stories to suit their agenda. They can rile up the public over certain issues or hide vital information. The Media is used also for the selfish-profit motive which never serves the purpose of the society. In order to attract the people, money, creativity, the service of the people are misused and bargained. Most of the films concentrate on the idea of terrorism. But we must reflect whether it is used to bring unity or anythingelse. Because the film directors use their criminal mind more than what the police require of detective mind. Because, before the police identify the terrorist, the terrorist repents and changes his mind and escapes from the place without attacking the people (Rf. Black or White). Through films, the directors give lot of techniques which even the terrorist would not have thought of. The directors justify also the violent act of taking revenge in some of the films. Today, the main target of the Media is children. That’s why the video games are introduced to the children and reached the children rapidly. But if we analyse that what game children choose to play, then we can identify that they prefer to play only violent type of games like boxing, wrestling, etc. Even there are boys who play this type of games by absenting themselves for regular classes. Why the children play this type of games? Because, the anger which they are not able to reveal in front of their parents, teachers, etc., is compensated in the video games. Then we must reflect how the Media is focused to the children? and how the future(children) is going to be and to fulfill the responsibilities? The Media is misused by the politicians too for their survival. In order to hold and preserve their Chair, they invent the new issue to the public and provoke the sentiments of the public. Even if it consumes the life of many people, they never bother and continue to stimulate the emotions of the public through Media (e.g. Karnataka and Tamilnadu states – Okenakal water-falls issue).

Are Fathers Crucial for Child Development?

Are Fathers Crucial for Child Development? A great emphasis is placed on the relationship between a mother and child, however, is the importance of a fathers involvement in his childs life being overlooked? The role of the father in a childs life and influence on his cognitive, social, and emotional health is irreplaceable. There are many positive characteristics that an involved father imparts on his child. Fathers are known to be more playful with children, which allows the child to learn and explore boundaries. The effects of a father positive involvement in a childs life is crucial for a healthy development. I will be outlining the components of an involved father, looking at the positive effects of fathers through different life-stages of children, and the negative effects that an uninvolved or absent father has on a child. I will also be discussing ways that a father can become more involved in his childs life. The healthy involvement of a father in a childs life is based on three traits; engagement, availability, and responsibility.[1] An involved father must be in direct contact and share experiences with his child. The father must be accessible and present for the child and make arrangements for resources to be available for his child. Based on the report The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence written by researchers Sarah Allen, Ph.D., and Kerry Daly, Ph.D., an involved father is sensitive, warm, close, friendly, supportive, intimate, nurturing, affectionate, encouraging, comforting, and accepting.[2] Involved fathers ask their children many questions and give them responsibilities. The fathers influence on children cannot be adequately conceptualized only in terms of father-child interactions; it has to be understood in a broader family context.[3] Marital quality has a direct impact on a childs wellbeing. One of the most important influences a father can have on his child is indirect.[4] Fathers play an important role in marriage. The fathers influence on his children has a direct correlation to the relationship that the father has with his wife. A father, who has a good relationship with the mother of his children, is more likely to spend quality time with their kids and have children who are psychologically and emotionally healthier.[5] Women who are emotionally supported by husbands have better pregnancies, births, breastfeeding experiences, and better post-partum mental health.[6] When mothers are supported and encouraged by their husbands, it allows the mother to better nurture the child. Involved fathers are linked to stronger marriages. In healthy marri ages, fathers are more likely to be involved in childcare responsibilities. Another benefit of a constructive and positive relationship between parents is that it serves as a model for children when they develop their own relationships.[7] A positive and healthy marriage teaches children how to provide emotional support, deal with conflict positively, and be respectful and communicate well. There are numerous positive cognitive, emotional, and social effects that a fathers involvement has on a childs life, beginning in infancy. At 2 to 25 weeks, fathers provide staccato bursts of physical and social stimulation.[8] From as young as 5 months, studies have confirmed that a fathers involvement can have powerful effects on a childs cognitive development. Infants score higher on measures of cognitive development if they have highly involved fathers.[9] The more time fathers spend with their babies the better the father understands cues, which helps create a stronger attachment. Babies are more securely attached to fathers the more time they spend with them. Fathers can create an attachment with their infants by paying attention to cues, responding consistently and compassionately.[10] Fathers should also keep babies physically close to promote feelings of safety and security. When a father talks, reads and sings to his baby, the child is comforted by his fathers voice which strengthens the attachment. In babies over 6 months of age, fathers tend to engage in more physically stimulating and unpredictable play.[11] Dads must play age-appropriate games with their babies to help the child learn about limits and boundaries and experience a range of emotions.[12] By 1 year, children whose fathers are more involved have a higher cognitive functioning.[13] Toddlers with involved fathers have better problem-solving abilities. The way that fathers play with toddlers in a one on one interaction is stimulating and allows the child to regulate feelings. Fathers tend to promote independence and orientation to the outside world and push their child to achievement.[14] Toddlers with involved fathers start school with higher levels of academic readiness and are able to handle the stresses and functions associated with schooling.[15] As children enter preschool, fathers encourage sex-role development. Most young children see their fathers as a source of strength and security.[16] To a growing boy, the father is the ideal model of how to act and behave. As children enter school-age years, studies show that children, especially boys, who experience a nurturing and involved father, receive cognitive advantages.[17] The fathers involvement in direct encourag ement of skills, like counting and reading are directly associated with the childs performance. As children get older, father involvement helps them live a more satisfied life with less emotional distress, negative feelings, and anxiety.[18] An involved father in the life of an adolescent cuts the risk of antisocial behavior problems. It is crucial that fathers spend time with their adolescent children. Fathers may become less involved as adolescents attempt to gain autonomy and establish an identity separate from the family.[19] The adolescent years are a time of transition as teenagers are trying to gain power; therefore, fathers may lose power in their relationship with their child. For adolescents and young adults, the nurturing style of fathers involvement is associated with better verbal skills, intellectual functioning, and academic achievement.[20] Teenagers and young adults cognitive development is positively impacted through critical thinking, motivation, communication skills, and independence.[21] Socially, young adults are better adjusted, dependable, and have highe r levels of self-acceptance with an involved father in their lives. There are many negative effects on children with an uninvolved father. Children can become excessively dependent on their mother. Children can also become rebellious and be difficult to control.[22] Girls expect men to act like their father does; therefore, when the father is not present, girls have a harder time knowing how she should be treated. In addition, girls with involved respectful fathers are less involved in violent and unhealthy relationships.[23] Boys with an absent father are more likely to show aggressive behaviour. A boy that is rejected by his father has difficulty learning to be a man.[24] Children of an uninvolved father are also prone to more stress and anxiety, have poorer social skills and have an increased risk of drug or alcohol abuse.[25] School-aged children without an involved father are more likely to have problems in school performance.[26] These children may have lower scores on achievement tests, and on intellectual ability and intelligence tests.[27] Children may experience behaviour problems at school like disobedience, difficulty paying attention, or have poor attendance. Emotionally and cognitively, children may have difficulty in internalizing and externalizing behaviour.[28] Negatively internalizing behaviour can result in depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Socially, teenagers can have troubles in getting along with other children and are at risk of peer problems.[29] Adolescents who live without their father are more likely to engage in earlier sexual activity. Teenage or young parents may continue the cycle that their father started with not being involved in their childs life.[30] Fathers that are looking to become more involved in their childrens lives must believe that they have the potential and ability to be the second-greatest influence in his childs development.[31] Fathers are generally less sensitive than mothers and may assume less responsibility than the mother in child-rearing. It is crucial that fathers spend time with his child through all stages of growth as children form attachments provided that a sufficient amount of father interaction takes place.[32] The U.S Department of Health and Human Services reported why spending time with children is crucial in becoming a more involved father. [33] When fathers spend time with their child, the child will feel cared for and loved. If a father has more than one child, he should spend individual time with each child. The time that fathers spend with children should be filled with playing, having fun, being active and physical.[34] The father must engage in productive activities with kids like household c hores, educational activities, and reading which promotes intellectual growth in children.[35] The way that fathers discipline their children is crucial in positive involvement. Fathers need to be aware of the influence he has on his child. Paternal consistent discipline is associated with likable, autonomous, imaginative, and confident behaviour in boys, and well-socialized, friendly, and dependable behaviour in girls.[36] In disciplining, fathers should control emotions, body language, and their hands.[37] Fathers must also communicate guidelines with children.[38] There must be consistency in parenting from the mother and father so that children understand the standard of behaviour is the same for both parents. If a father wants to be more involved in his childs life, he must put an effort in his relationship with the childs mother. This may not always be the easiest as parents may have difficulty in marriage or are divorced. Children are affected by the feelings that their mother has towards the missing or distant father. If the father is absent in the home and the mother is antagonistic towards the childrens father, the children are more aggressive than children whose mothers are affectionate and miss the absent or uninvolved father.[39] The healthy involvement of the father in a childs life is crucial in the development of children. Fathers have a special relationship with their children. The way that a father plays and interacts with his child throughout different stages of life, teaches children valuable life-long lessons. The positive involvement of fathers in the life of his child allows the child to form an emotional attachment. In infancy, fathers can be involved in responding to cues of his child. As children grow older, fathers promote curiosity and exploration through play. In adolescent and young adult years, it is crucial for fathers to be supportive and encouraging in academic and social activities. In all their efforts fathers must be supported and encouraged to develop and grow in their relationship with their child as their influence on children is invaluable. Bibliography: Bell, Deidre. The Importance of Dads Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017. . Fox, Greer L., Vey M. Nordquist, Rhett M. Billen, and Emily Furst Savoca. Father Involvement and Early Intervention: Effects of Empowerment and Father Role Identity. Family Relations 64.4 (2015): 461-75. The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence. University of Guelph, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. . Hamilton, Marshall L. Fathers Influence on Children. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print Hosier, David. Childhood Trauma: The Possible Effects of Uninvolved Parents. Child Abuse, Trauma, and Recovery.MSc, 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017). Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. Canada: John Wiley Sons 1997. Print. Munsinger, Harry. Fundamentals of Child Development. United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971. Print. [1] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. ( Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [2] Ibid, Feb 24th, 2017 [3] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [4] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [5] Ibid, Feb. 23rd, 2017 [6] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. ( Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [7] Ibid, Feb. 24th, 2017 [8] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [9] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [10] Ibid, Feb 24th, 2017 [11] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [12] Ibid, Feb 27th, 2017 [13] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [14] Ibid, Feb 25th, 2017 [15] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [16] Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print. [17] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [18] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [19] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [20] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [21] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [22]Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print. [23]Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [24] Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print. [25]David, Hosier. Childhood Trauma: The Possible Effects of Uninvolved Parents. Child Abuse, Trauma and Recovery. (MSc, 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.) [26] Fox, Greer L., Vey M. Nordquist, Rhett M. Billen, and Emily Furst Savoca. Father Involvement and Early Intervention: Effects of Empowerment and Father Role Identity. Family Relations 64.4 (2015): 461-75. The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence. University of Guelph, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. . [27] Ibid, March 14th, 2017 [28] Fox, Greer L., Vey M. Nordquist, Rhett M. Billen, and Emily Furst Savoca. Father Involvement and Early Intervention: Effects of Empowerment and Father Role Identity. Family Relations 64.4 (2015): 461-75. The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence. University of Guelph, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. . [29] Ibid, March 14th, 2017 [30] Ibid, March 14th, 2017 [31] Marshall L. Hamilton. Fathers Influence on Children. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print) [32] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [33] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [34] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [35] Ibid, Feb. 23rd, 2017 [36] Marshall L. Hamilton. Fathers Influence on Children. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print) [37] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [38] Marshall L. Hamilton. Fathers Influence on Children. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print) [39] Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print.

Comparing the American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Hansbe

Comparing the Destructive American Dream in Miller's Death of a Salesman and Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun America is a land of dreamers. From the time of the Spanish conquistadors coming in search of gold and everlasting youth, there has been a mystique about the land to which Amerigo Vespucci gave his name. To the Puritans who settled its northeast, it was to be the site of their â€Å"city upon a hill† (Winthrop 2). They gave their home the name New England, to signify their hope for a new beginning. Generations of immigrants followed, each a dreamer bringing his own hopes and aspirations to the green shores. The quest was given a name – the American Dream; and through the ages, it has been as much a symbol of America as the lady in the harbor, a promise of America’s riches for all who dare to dream and strive to fulfill their ambitions. Dreamers apotheosized fellow dreamers like Rockefeller and Carnegie, holding them to be the paradigm from which all could follow. But behind the meretricious dream lies the cold reality. A country built upon survival of the fittest has no sympathy for those who serve as the steppingstones for othe rs’ success. For every person who reaches the zenith, there are countless others trapped in the valleys of despair by their heedless dash to reach the top. Playwrights Arthur Miller and Lorraine Hansberry memorialize the failures in their works Death of a Salesman and A Raisin in the Sun. Their central dreamers, Miller’s Willy Loman and Hansberry’s Walter Lee Younger, like children at a candy shop window, are seduced by that success which can be seen so clearly, yet is so unreachable. Ardent followers of the hype of America, they reveal that, far from being a positive motivator, the Ame... ...n. Ed. Harold Bloom. Modern Critical Interpretations. New York: Chelsea, 1988. 47-58. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin, 1977. Nemiroff, Robert. Introduction. A Raisin in the Sun. By Lorraine Hansberry. New York: Vintage, 1988. 5-14. Turner, Darwin T. "Visions of Love and Manliness in a Blackening World: Dramas of Black Life Since 1953." Black Scholar 25.2 (1995): 2-13. EBSCO. Wake Co. Public Lib. 5 Jan. 2001 <http://www.ebscohost.com>. Wilson, Robert N. â€Å"The Salesman and Society.† The Writer as Social Seer. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1979. 57-71. Rpt. in Willy Loman. Ed. Harold Bloom. Major Literary Characters. New York: Chelsea, 1991. 79-89. Winthrop, John. â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity.† American History Online. 28 Mar. 2001. <http://longman.awl.com/history/primarysource_2_4.htm>.

My Math Teacher, Mrs. Ladd Essay -- Personal Narratives Mathematics Es

My Math Teacher, Mrs. Ladd When thinking back and remembering all of the teachers that I have had in the past, there is one in particular that comes to mind. Her name was Mrs. Ladd. She taught math at the junior high school. Mrs. Ladd was not the most popular, funniest, hardest, easiest, nicest, nor the meanest teacher. I remember her for some other reasons. When I think of Mrs. Ladd, I think about how hard she made me work. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. Most of all, I remember how she influenced me. To begin with, Mrs. Ladd gave us homework every night. Even if there was a holiday or a weekend, homework was assigned and due the following school day. She would collect it and grade it. If a student had forgotten it at home or in their locker, that meant a homework grade of zero. She was tough. She always told us, "If you do your homework, then you can ask questions. When you ask questions and participate in class, you will learn more." Normal Normal Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd When thinking back and remembering all of the teachers that I have had in the past, there is one in particular that comes to mind. Her name was Mrs. Ladd. She taught math at the junior high school. Mrs. Ladd was not the most popular, funniest, hardest, easiest, nicest, nor the meanest teacher. I remember her for some other reasons. When I think of Mrs. Ladd, I think about how hard she made me work. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. Most of all, I remember how she influenced me. To begin with, Mrs. Ladd gave us homework every night. Even if there was a holiday or a weekend, homework was assigned and due the following school day. She would collect it and grade it. If a student had forgotten it at home or in their locker, that meant a homework grade of zero. She was tough. She always told us, "If you do your homework, then you can ask questions. When you ask questions and participate in class, you will learn more." Normal Normal Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd When thinking back and remembering all of the... ...tp://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm Normal Normal Heading 1 Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 2 Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number Hyperlink Hyperlink LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand "C:My DocumentsLes Miserables.docà ¿䀃老à ­ Times New Roman Times New Roman Symbol Symbol Debra LeGrand Debra LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand Debra LeGrand LeGrand Normal LeGrand Microsoft Word 8.0 Debra LeGrand _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKS {4EF525CA-CC4B-11D5-8CE0-CD426C5AD85F} {4EF525CA-CC4B-11D5-8CE0-CD426C5AD85F} http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.stageagent.com/cb/info.pl/ti/les_miserables http://www.stageagent.com/cb/info.pl/ti/les_miserables Root Entry 1Table 1Table WordDocument WordDocument SummaryInformation SummaryInformation DocumentSummaryInformation DocumentSummaryInformation CompObj CompObj ObjectPool ObjectPool Microsoft Word Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.8

Zero Emissions Technology :: essays papers

Zero Emissions Technology Zero Emissions Technology: Current Technologies and Future Developments in Electrostatic Precipitators  Abstract Zero Emissions Technology is a company located in New Durham, NH. They develop new technologies targeted at coal fired power plants. They have recently developed a new air emissions technology that will meet current and pending air pollution regulations. Their product, Electro-Catalytic Oxidation Technology, allow the combined removal of particulates in the air waste stream. The new technology can be retrofitted onto existing electrostatic precipitators (ESP), according to the industry, is not as expensive as other air pollution control technologies. The Electro-Catalytic Oxidation Technology also has many technological advantages to more conventional ESPs.  Zero Emissions Technology (ZET) is a company who develops new technologies in air pollution control technologies to meet the demands of new regulations on air emissions. In the past, their focus has been on air pollution control technology for large stationary sources, such as coal fired power plants. In the future, their research will be to discover new technologies not only for air pollution, but also in water and solid waste. (ZET, 1999). Zero Emissions Technology has developed a new technology that focuses on the combined removal of particulates for coal fired power plants. Electro-Catalytic Oxidation Technology is a product by Zero Emissions Technology (ZET). This new technology that ZET is has developed will enable the combined removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), mercury (Hg), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from the flue gas of coal fired power plants. This new technology will collect at least 70% of NOx, 50% of SO2, 70% of mercury (Hg), and 90% of PM2.5 in a single unit that can be retrofitted into the last fields of existing electrostatic precipitators (ESP) (ZET, 1999). This will allow coal fired plants to meet new air emission requirements with minimal impact on their generating costs. It can be retrofitted into the last fields of existing ESP. Electo-Catalytic Oxidatin Technology uses a proprietary gas discharge technology to convert NOx and SO2 to acid mists, and to oxidize elemental mercury. It also uses advances in wet ESP technology to remove acid mists and other fine particles without saturating flue gas. The Electr o-Catalytic Oxidation system consists of three sections: gas converter, condensing wet ESP, and acid recovery (ZET, 1999). The Gas Converter is used for the electrical oxidation of NOx, SO2 and Hg. As the flue gas enters the Gas Converter, it is exposed to a high voltage discharge which creates ionized species to oxidize pollutants.

Apples and Oranges: a Comparative Essay

Apples and Oranges: A Comparative Essay Is the old adage â€Å"you can’t compare apples and oranges† correct? Besides being food, both of these produce items have much in common. They both are located under the Fruits and Vegetable category of the Canadian Food Guide; they are both spherical in shape, making them fit in the palm of your hand; and they both have a considerable amount of moisture under their skin. However, in both nutritional value and aesthetic appearance the orange far out weighs the lowly apple. Although, according to the Canadian Food Guide, a serving of apples and a serving of oranges are both considered one equal serving within the Fruits and Vegetables category, the nutritional value of oranges is far superior to that of apples. First, oranges have a higher concentration of vitamin C. This vitamin is essential in strengthening and maintaining a healthy immune system. Thus, the greater the vitamin C—within reason—the greater the functioning and resilience of our immune system. Furthermore, peeling an orange often requires extreme dexterity and excellent hand-eye coordination. Thus, when eating an orange one is not only receiving an excellent dose of vitamin C, one is also practicing hand-eye coordination and honing his/her dexterity. On the other hand, apples, although a good source of vitamin C lack the concentration that is obviously present in oranges. Thus, when eating an apple it seems that the apple’s nutritional value is simply calorie intake—fuel for the body. While this function is necessary, oranges ‘play double duty’. They provide us with calories at the same time as helping us to fight viruses and disease. Furthermore, eating an apple only requires a strong jaw and teeth. It does not help us to practice transferable skills such as dexterity. While the nutritional value of the fruits we consume is important, their aesthetic appearance is of greater concern. The appearance of an apple is pleasing; its symmetry, shine, and contours emulate marble sculptures. However, there is one essential flaw in the aesthetic of the apple. It lacks a strong and invigorating aroma. When an apple is bitten, it emits a deep musky smell, one that is unique but in no way mood-changing. Oranges, when peeled emit a heavy citrus scent which, studies have shown, help us to become re-energized. Perfumers have even attempted to capture this scent in their colognes, body washes, and au de toilets. But no synthetic concoction can truly mimetic the revitalizing effects of citrus. The very prestigious study of aromatherapy has verified the mood-changing effects of the citrus scent; â€Å"citrus is often used by psychologist to treat patients with depression with some promising results† (Fakes 2). Thus the orange combats both diseases of the body and diseases of the mind. Although there are many superficial similarities between apples and oranges, oranges are of greater nutritional and aesthetic value. Apples are valuable in their caloric value and their appearance, but they lack both the concentration of vitamin C as well as the revitalizing citrus effects. Therefore, perhaps the old adage is correct: â€Å"You can’t compare apples and oranges†.

Should the Government Regulate the Internet More Strictly

Tittle: Should the government regulate the Internet more strictly Should the government regulate the Internet more strictly? It is no exaggeration to say that the Internet has changed the world. Today, we can get all kinds of information from around the world through the Internet and life in the world easy to communicate with others. Therefore, the Internet seems to be at first glance dream tool. However, the Internet is not always a bright side. It can be harmful, when we use it and little care. Therefore, it should be better for the government to control the Internet.From my opinion, there are few ways here that government should regulate the internet more strictly. Firstly, the number of crimes on the Internet at breakneck speed is increase in the past few years. For example, we sometimes encounter some fraud when we do some shopping on the Internet. In this case, we are doing procurement and they do not sent to the buyer, although the money has been sent to the seller. This is ve ry difficult to track down criminals, because we have almost no criminals, who they are, what they do, even where they live we also don’t know.If we use the Internet for online shopping, our credit card number is stolen, then the money in our bank account may be used up. Using the Internet to do our personal information is not safe, especially those important document. In fact, when we surf the Web, reading e-mail, download software, even with our friends, is called a hidden program, Trojan chat, can send to our computer without our knowing. It will steal and transfer all the information that we already save. After that, this person may make use of it to others. Nguyen Long Quoc, 2008) Secondly, the Government should review the information on the Internet that is more stringent. In reality, we can find out a lot of illegal work, such as music, movies, or books on the Internet. Shall be strictly controlled, or who owns the copyright and intellectual property rights because of this serious damage. Between that, pornography is a drawback of the Internet also. This is a very serious problem, especially when it comes to children. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet can easily be found.This kind of site is very harmful to the child, and likely to incite them to take action, on the other sex. According to researchers Jennings Bryant about 600 junior high school aged men and women, 31% male and 18% of women admitted to actually do some things that they see pornography. In addition, a recent study shows that, often exposed to pornography may lead to children's participation in disease, addiction and unplanned pregnancy, the adverse effects of the mental life of children. (Nguyen Long Quoc, 2008) Lastly, we must be careful to computer viruses when we on the Internet.Some people do the purpose of computer viruses; they spread out on the Internet. Once these viruses infect our computers, they destroy some of the information or even the compute r itself. These kind of criminals also difficult to find out, so we must rely on government help to prevent these viruses. The virus is just a program; it would disrupt the normal operation of our computer system. Computer connected to the Internet is more vulnerable to virus attacks; they can go to our computer slowing down, destruction of data and our entire hard drive crashes to an end.Maybe we here at least, no matter how hard we tried to stop them to use some anti-virus program on infected computers from viruses. Therefore, we should clearly know that they cause bad damage, but also inevitable. In conclusion, the Internet can have some bad effects toward us, such as unsafe personal information, the impact of pornography on children's mental life, and virus threats. However, this does not mean that we should not use the Internet. It is difficult to imagine without the internet in our lives. We should only need to be more careful, every time we use the internet.Nowadays, although internet is good or convenient to us but we still have to beware of it because sometimes it will bring harms to us. There should be more government control of the Internet. Although the Internet has made that we might live a better life, it can be bad for us, unless it is properly controlled. SOURCES Grace Smith. (2007). More government control of the internet? Available: http://sky. geocities. jp/c1304015takeshi/C3_56. htm. Last accessed 17th July 2012. Nguyen Long Quoc. (2008). disadvantages of the Internet. Available:

Patriarchal Societies: the Historical Evidence

Joelle Davis John Duran John Hicks Morgan Plasse Travis Rogers Eric Thomason PATRIARCHAL SOCIETIES: THE HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AND CONTEMPORARY DIRECTION â€Å"Feminism is the radical notion that women are human beings. † ? Cheris Kramarae INTRODUCTION Since the first records of complex civilizations, male dominance in human culture has molded itself into global societies and has forced women into lives of subordination and inequality. Historically, men have stood as the primary political figures and leaders, while women have been inclined to take on supportive and more household-oriented roles.This same structure of societies and governments has made its way into nearly every inhabited geographic area, and where has attached itself since the first immigration periods (? ). So from what root did this idealism mysteriously stem? Scientific research points that in times far preceding the birth of complex societies, Neanderthals wandered the Earth in a much different fashion. Eviden ce derived from fossils and uncovered leftovers seem (noun/verb disagreement: â€Å"Evidence †¦ seems†) to encourage the thought that people lived much more of an egalitarian lifestyle 30,000 years ago.Women, quite possibly, may have helped to hunt as well as nurse children, while men at times may have stayed behind to harvest crops. Though males were the primary hunters, the flexibility that may have been cast on gender roles is polar opposite to what would develop as humans became more advanced. There is a lot of argument and confusion on the topic of patriarchal origins, and what may have happened between this time of suspected weak gender roles and the time of male dominance. Whether or not the answer will ever be clear, its (usage: its or it’s) important to understand how long it has taken for our orld to considered (infinitive) women to be equal. In our nation itself, there was a time in which when an 18 year old boy with no political experience and little t o no real world knowledge could stand next to a wise, middle aged, female professional and cast a vote, while she could not. This did not come to an end until 1920, approximately 3,600 years after the creation of the first set of societal laws in Babylonian times. As we will discuss, patriarchal systems of family and societal life led from early Mesopotamia to all regions of the world over thousands of years.Though present today in almost every nation, the extent of patriarchal influences have diminished (noun/verb) over time and the freedom and rights of women have become more evident. THE ORIGINS OF PATRIARCHAL SOCIETIES The first evidence of patriarchal societies lies as far back in time as the emergence of man’s first complex societies around 3,000 BC. Cities in the West Asian land of Mesopotamia, such as Ur and Uruk of the Sumer region, existed as what are considered the oldest settlements, and were built with the first sophisticated infrastructures and governing domains .The first concepts of patriarchies developed in these cities, and became tightly woven into the structure of future cultures. One of the first sets of law to govern the people of Mesopotamia was written during the era of Babylonia, which began around 2000 BC. Famously known as Hammurabi’s code, the stone-scribed document listed policies and regulations for its people to abide by. These heavily included the rights of women, which were undeniably much more constricted than those of men. The women of Mesopotamia had certain rights, which included the right to buy and sell goods, own property, and work outside of the house.However, the power of men to exist above and over them made these rights appear to be measly and minuscule. Husbands were able to sell their wives into slavery and legally commit adultery and have multiple wives. If women were to cheat on their husbands, they could be ordered to death as their punishment. Politically, men were the primary (if not, only) figure s influencing all decisions made, including the development and direction of the city-states. Judging by the example given in Hammurabi’s Code (if a proper noun here, then why not in the few sentences preceding this one? , it is needless to say that that (? ) males controlled the cities of Mesopotamia, and thus, the world’s earlier settlements. The ideas and concepts of patriarchies would grow from this age and wrap around the foundations of nearly every society for millenniums to come. Please acknowledge all ideas you have borrowed from secondary sources and have paraphrased and/or summarized with parenthetical citations. PATRIARCHY IN GREECE Some of (? ) most complex societies in our early history came about from between 650 BC – 100 AD along the Mediterranean sea.At the start of this time, Greek society was blooming into one of the most unprecedented cultural beauties, rich with visual, art, drama, mythology, and dramatic literature. In 510 BC, Athens became the site of the first democratic government, paving the way for citizen-oriented governments to come. In this democracy, all men over the age of 18 were granted the right to vote on political issues, which is something that was extremely new in those times. The rights of the common male may have been leaning towards equality, but women still faced subordination to men.In fact, the lack of rights to women across Greek land were solidified (noun/verb) by law. This varied throughout the country, more extreme or less emphasized among different city-states. For instance, in Sparta women were highly respected and able to speak for themselves, yet the land was still run primarily by the male-run military. Athenian women, however, had few rights and were typically confined to their homes. Their husbands were in total control as heads of households, and lead the direction of family’s daily lives.Thus, it is clearly evident that democratic Greece was still heavily influenced by patriar chal philosophies. The word â€Å"patriarch† refers to the male leader of a family and comes from the Greek word â€Å"patriarches. †(The Free Resource) End punctuation follows the parenthetical citation. Ancient Greece was an agricultural society in its founding. Societies that are agricultural are typically patriarchal in the context that the male in the family, whether it is father, husband, or brother, made (shift in verb tense) the key cultural, religious, and financial decisions within the family and community sector (The Free Resource).Ancient Greece followed for the most part in that same context. The system of patriarchy was developed in Greece in roughly the 4th and 5th century B. C. E. Shortly following its establishment, women’s rights and privileges were on the rapid decline. Greek women were not allowed to participate in politics. â€Å"According to legend, the goddess Athena won by just one female vote, the right to name the city Athens. Because of this initiative by a woman, as a punishment, all future generations of women would not be allowed to participate in politics â€Å"(The Free Resource).These kinds of legends and religious beliefs further suppressed and in societal terms it appeared to be justified. Some of the information in this paragraph is redundant. Consider combining this paragraph with the one preceding it. Although woman for (? ) inferior in terms of politics, they were vital and powerful in relation to artisan families and influence behind her husband. â€Å"Socrates spent so much time teaching in the marketplace because of his wife Xantippe's sharp tongue when he was at home. † (Guisepi, Robert) If you are using MLA style, then delete the comma and first name.A woman with a strong personality behind a man that was firmly rooted in a political forum, such as the Senate, could have large political influence but very much in an indirect format. But in law and culture, women were held inferior. Even the activities of free women were daily put into question and were not respected highly in societal terms. â€Å"The raping of a free woman, though a crime, was a lesser offense than seducing her, since seduction meant winning her affections away from her duties. † (Guisepi, Robert) Even infant females were regarded in a substandard way.Families that were over burdened with children would often resort to infanticide and discard the female infants. The woman’s father usually arranged marriages. Divorce was legal for men but woman had to go to court and were frequently unsuccessful. Adultery was common with men but woman could be divorced or severely punished if caught (Guisepi, Robert). What is the controlling idea in this paragraph? The only Greek society that was vaguely different was Sparta. Education was also extended to girls. Both sexes exercised naked.Women however (comma error) could not compete by the Olympic rules, while Spartan men were very successful (Cartl edge, Paul). When their husbands were at war or out of the home, women assumed control and made the necessary choice that her husband would have made. Women could negotiate with their husbands to bring their lovers into the home so they could be monitored (Cartledge, Paul). The way Sparta is portrayed in movies, as being very equal, is rather false. Spartan society exhibited many of the same classic patriarchal beliefs as the rest of Greece did.Does this sentence contradict the topic sentence? PATRIARCHY IN CHINA Patriarchal structures of society have been prominent in Chinese culture since around 1000 BC. Texts dating back 200 BC refer to men being masters of the outside world with women being masters of the home. Immediate families existed (? ) not only focused on parents and offspring, but grandparents, living relatives, and even the spirits of descendants. The senior males of these families demanded respect from all subordinates, including their wives.Women were legally subordin ate to men and were usually frowned upon at birth due to the fact that they would one day just become an asset of another family after years of being raised. A common phrase from that time which stayed with China until the end of the imperial period was, â€Å"the three subordinations and the four virtues† being, â€Å"a woman was to be subordinate to her father in youth, her husband in maturity, and her son in old age. (Natalie Bennett)† Punctuate with commas to setoff appositives—for example, â€Å"A common phrase from that time, which stayed with China until the end of the imperial period, was †¦. Also, is â€Å"imperial period† a proper noun? While generally thought of as a more western term, patriarchy has also historically been a heavy influence in Asia, particularly within China (Should we move this to the start of this subtopic? Yes! Organization. ). Men in China have historically held political power, being ruled by an emperor until 1912. T he title of emperor was passed from father to son in each dynasty with the empress holding very limited power. On top of this the emperor and many other upper class men had multiple wives as a symbol of their wealth while women could not have more than on (? husband. The average women were generally considered failures if they grew up without finding a husband or work as a slave; most people in China considered a woman’s job to be a subservient wife (BBC). To make matters worse, during the Song dynasty, around 1000 AD, the custom of foot binding quickly spread among high class families, eventually spreading all across China. Foot binding entails wrapping a young girls (possessive) feet painfully tight which prevents further growth; leading to â€Å"beautiful feet and causing their movements more feminine and dainty† (Nancy Miles) but also causing lifelong disability.Up to 50% of women during the nineteenth century had bound feet; for upper class women it was upward of 95%. Even after it was banned in 1912 many families continued to do it in fear that they may hurt their daughter’s (plural and possessive) chances for good marriage (Louisa Lim). This practice of foot binding even further limited the power of women in Chinese society and in turn helped fuel the patriarchy during the empire. Punctuate with a semi-colon to link independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction; to connect independent clauses separated by a conjunctive adverb; and in a series with internal punctuation.With a transitional signal, you can combine these two paragraphs. There is the more contemporary issue of the country’s one-child policy, leading to many forced sex-selective abortions (awkward). Most parents in China value a male child over a female child, believing sons have more social and economic value so when forced to choose to keep a child they more often keep males. This had (? ) lead to a huge skew in the gender ratios; for every 100 females t here are 119 males (Graeme Russle).Post-imperial China has, thankfully, seen (don’t split the verb) large improvements for women’s rights. Women have made a strong push into the economic (? ) and job market, holding the highest percentages of women employed in Asia (BBC). Although the patriarchy in China has been constantly getting smaller in the 20th and 21st century effects of it are still everywhere and change comes slowly, with people fighting for every inch they can get. PATRIARCHY IN INDIA In other parts of Asia, societies dug the foundations of patriarchies far deeper than preceding civilizations.Between 1000 BC and 300 BC, the Vedic empire of East India flourished in rich culture and strong religious elements. However, the extremely strict and conservative laws of the land were particularly harsh on female citizens. The villages, which were administered by men, saw that women were kept from religious and social activities. Political councils were governed prima rily by the head of households which were always men, and if all males of the important families died, the family was thus excluded from political activity.Families were led by the oldest male, who also claimed ownership of all family possessions. Women were often wed through arranged marriages right before puberty (to promote virginity at marriage), and were unable to remarry even if their husband (plural) passed away. In rare situations, women would perform sati, a practice in which women would cremate themselves live on their husbands (possessive and plural) funeral pyre. According to the Vedic people, the manners in which the rights of women were regulated so severely were thought to be for their own good.The idea was that if they â€Å"performed [them] with grace and devotion, they might expect a better status in their next incarnation† (74, Judge and Langdon I don’t believe any style formats parenthetical citations in this way). In comparison to its existence in Mesopotamian societies, the concepts of patriarchal societies in India became more influential in daily life than ever witnessed before and would remain even into the modern day. One way to combine this paragraph with the one below is to revise the topic sentence. For example, Patriarchy in India is represented in the caste system and has its roots in the Hindu religion.Since then and still to this day, the representation of patriarchy in India is the caste system. The caste system is defined as, (delete the comma) â€Å"an elaborately stratified social hierarchy distinguishing India’s social structure from any other nation† (1). A person is born into their his/her caste, will shun those from another caste, and never move up in the system in their lifetime. As you go down the hierarchy of the caste system, a person’s â€Å"pureness† diminishes. Women suffered from the bias outlook that women were polluted simply because of the body functions unique to wom en.Avoid second person pronouns. This view of women automatically placed them below the men of their caste (1). Aside from the caste system, Patriarchy also has roots in the Hindu religion, which is the dominant religion in India. It is believed that aspects of the female principle must be neutralized by the male principle (3). If the female principle is not neutralized, it will result in a violent and destructive behavior. Also, women are believed to have a far greater and uncontrollable sexual appetite than men. It was feared that women would istract men from their religious duties, so men would have to control women in order to control their lust (3). This belief was viewed as justification for male dominance over women. Both the caste system and Hinduism laid the groundwork allowing Patriarchy to flourish in Indian culture. In modern Indian culture, women are gaining more independence from the traditional systems that allowed Patriarchy to function. The Constitution of India, wh ich came into effect on January 26th, 1950, assured its people â€Å"justice, equality, and liberty† (4).In section III, under Article 15, it explicitly lists that â€Å"The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them† (4) Although, before modern laws were written to establish equality, women had a low status in Indian society. After getting married, the Bride’s (capitalization) family was expected to pay large amounts of money to the Groom’s family and was then expected to live with the Groom’s family. Basically, the Bride would have to buy into the family. PATRIARCHY IN THE MIDDLE EASTIn the present day Middle East, governing laws have primarily been focused around Islamic religion since its foundations. This legal code, known as Shari'Ah, is based on moral and spiritual ideals, and â€Å"prescribes the pathway to paradise† (Judge and Langdon, 274). The Shari'Ah wa s completed between 7-9 CE and is still implemented in the legal systems of some Middle Eastern countries today. Combine these two paragraphs. Some of the concepts included in the Shari'ah clearly state the gender roles of men and women in early Islamic society, usually putting women in a place of subordination that is justified as being for their own protection. Men are required to treat their women with honor and respect. The insistence that women be veiled in public and spend much of their lives sequestered in their homes [†¦ ] are designed in part to promote honor and respect for women† (Judge and Langdon, 274). Additionally, men were (shift in tense) allowed to practice polygamy, as long as he â€Å"treats them equally in terms of financial support, sexual intercourse, household duties, and respect† (Judge and Langon, 275). What resulted from this mentality and the strict constitutional view of the Shari’ah, in other words that it cannot be changed (? , was a modernizing society with old fashioned laws. As time passed, women’s rights in the middle east that were originally written for women’s protection began to gradually put women in a position of pure inequality. An issue of debate to this day concerns the status of women in the Middle East. There is an extensive notion that the region and its people are traditional, change is unhurried and is not welcome. In accounts and popular Western perceptions, the status of women is assumed to be universally low, which may be, in all probability, due to the centrality of Islam in the lives of the people and the rules of the earth.Many writings have focused on Middle Eastern women as victims of inflexible laws, oppressive regimes, and fundamentalist engagements. Other writings tend to move too far in an opposing trend, and in overcompensation for the negative portrayal of Middle Eastern women. They try to dispute that Islam elevates women, or that Middle Eastern women actuall y carry â€Å"vast control†, or â€Å"restrained influence†, at least in their households. It is methodologically incomplete to tender â€Å"Islam† as the illustrative variable in strength and change.The status of women in the Middle East cannot be understood by substitute to Quran explanation, as well as not be possible for those Middle Eastern women are all persecuted, or that they are simple submissive observers of the dealings around them. The longstanding constraints on women's mobility and freedom of action have been eroded by the process of development and growth. You’ll need to decide whether the Middle East is a proper noun or not, and be consistent. Please acknowledge your sources. This topic sentence suggests you are no longer discussing patriarchy in India.Patriarchal society is a social formation which has traditionally existed in varying forms throughout the world, women being dominated by the male society. In classic patriarchy, the senior man has say-so over everyone else in the family, including younger men, and women are focus to distinct forms of control and subordination. The goal of patriarchy roots in the household, which is also commonly linked with the reproduction of the peasantry in agrarian societies (Kandiyoti 1988). A fragment is a grammatically incomplete sentence, possessing either a subject or a predicate.Making a sentence grammatically complete means it must have a subject and predicate. The subordination of women in kinship-ordered or political societies is related to the reproduction of the family assembly or of the peasantry as well as to the sexual division of labor. There is a disposition to male dominance inherent in the relation between the peasant household, landlords, position, and in the imitation of ordered groups, wherein women are exchanged and men are the translators in what Gayle Rubin has called â€Å"the traffic in women† (Rubin 1975 use the same style throughout this paper).I n a patriarchal context, women are assimilated into concepts of property. Forcing an unwanted marriage or mother to the unwanted child forced by society and religion to become obedient towards all men not just their husbands. PATRIARCHY IN THE UNITED STATES Use the tab key to indent all paragraphs. Long before the birth of the United States, ideas of patriarchies were carried westward with the migrations of the Amerinds (? ). This is assumed by researchers because gender roles were present in the first indigenous inhabitants of the West, even as far as Central and South America.Men dominated the political systems of tribes and settlements, while women raised crops and nurtured children at home. This way of assigning designated activities for both men and women was not unlike the gender roles on the opposite side of the planet. Therefore, some studies suggest that when humans migrated to what is now the Americas around 8000-5000 BC, societies were already structured to have males as lead figures while women carried out supportive roles. The standard was set for the duration of the Native Americans’ rule over the North, Central, and South America, and continued until they were dominated by European settlers.A tree with deep roots stood strong and proved very difficult to uproot. It changed over the years since then in various ways and women would eventually gain more power in society, but nonetheless it still existed when the United States became a nation. See my comment above regarding acknowledging sources. European societies based themselves upon the practices of patriarchy, so it is no surprise the first immigrants from Europe took this societal system with them.When the settlers inhabited the newly established colonies, they brought their traditional attitudes concerning the roles women should possess and their status in society with them (Sage 1). â€Å"Puritans organized their family around the unquestioned principle of patriarchy (Vandergriff 1). † â€Å"Their religion taught that family roles were part of a continuous chain of hierarchical and delegated authority descending from God (1). † The parenthetical citation follows the quotation mark. The role of each family member was important to the success of the family.Although the wife was subordinate, she could participate in public life through her husband (Sage 1). If the husband became injured she had to assume his role. This even applied to casting his vote in an election if need be (1). â€Å"Without a strong and productive wife a family would struggle to survive (1). † The father was always in charge in early New England. He had the right to intervene in the lives of his children, control their behavior, and even select their spouse (Vandergriff 1). Marriage was referred to as a contract between two unequal beings.The husband occupied the support role in which it was his responsibility to provide for the family and the wife was expected to be a ser vant to the husband. The wife was subordinate in the hierarchy of society but before God both men and women were considered equal (Vandergriff 1). Before marriage single women could represent themselves in court, carry out business, and even own property. Once married, however, women could only engage in business with the consent of her husband their husbands. It was believed that after marriage the legal identity of the woman became part of her husband (1).If a woman engaged in business while she was married her personal property, profits, and real estate belonged to her husband. Even if he could not be trusted with it and was not responsible, she could do nothing about it (1). Be aware of redundancies and consider how you might revise and combine this paragraph with the one above. Women were considered to be weaker than men physically, emotionally, and mentally. They were often referred to as â€Å"weaker vessels†. Women lacked the ability to legally vote and could not hold public office in colonial society (Sage 1).Although women had limited rights, many were still able to carry out business and do tasks not generally associated with the traditional roles of women. Labor was limited in the colonies so many women held jobs as midwives, teachers, printers and even doctors (1). In this aspect, the colonial period exhibited a degree of egalitarianism (Vandergriff 1). â€Å"Although women in colonial America could by no means be considered to have been held â€Å"equal† to men, they were as a rule probably as well off as women anywhere in the world, and in general probably even better off (Sage 1). † Nothing in this paragraph supports the topic sentence.During the nineteenth and the twentieth century (plural), many aspects concerning the roles of women, their rights, and their impact on society changed dramatically. In the nineteenth century women began to get out of the house and go to work in great numbers, with The majority worked in the textile industry and garment shops They often worked working many hours and in terrible atmospheres (an example of sentence combining). It was not until around 1910 that states began to pass laws limiting working hours and making working conditions more tolerable (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1).Many jobs began to require education in order to practice the profession. This tended to limit a woman’s ability to enter careers that were considered professional. This was fairly common in the medical field. The American Medical Association was started in 1846, but and women were not permitted to join this association or men’s medical colleges, so they attended female schools (1). From 1890 to 1980 the percentage of total female doctors who were women went (diction) from five percent to seventeen percent. Women improved their statuses in other professions such as law and engineering as well (1).The teaching profession was a huge field of employment for wome n. More than twice as many women were teachers of elementary and high school compared to men in 1980. However, two out of every three teachers of higher education were male. Even in the present day, most working women find employment in clerical, retail, and service jobs (1). Combine simple sentences. A woman’s education seemed to always be secondary to a man’s. Towards the end of the 19th century the number of women attending secondary schools increased greatly due to the rise in female colleges and women being permitted to enroll in colleges with men.One-fifth of college students were women in 1870; by 1900 the proportion of women to men in college had grown to one-third (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). â€Å"Women obtained 19 percent of all undergraduate college degrees around the beginning of the 20th century. By 1984 the figure had sharply increased to 49 percent. Women also increased their numbers in graduate study. By the mid-1980s women wer e earning 49 percent of all master's degrees and about 33 percent of all doctoral degrees. In 1985 about 53 percent of all college students were women (1). Numerous laws were passed in the 1900’s to benefit women and to increase equality between the sexes. In 1920, women gained the right to vote by the nineteenth amendment (proper noun) (Imbornoni 1). Women now possessed the ability to participate in elections and influence the decisions of society. Women became part of the government during this time as well. Several women served in the House of Representatives and the Senate, starting in 1917 (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). The Food and Drug Administration approved birth control pills in 1960 (Imbornoni 1).Women now possessed more control over pregnancy. They could now choose to put off having children, while still remaining sexually active. â€Å"The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required equal wages for men and women doing equal work (â€Å"Women’s H istory in America† 1). † â€Å"Despite the Equal Pay Act of 1963, women in 1970 were paid about 45 percent less than men for the same jobs; in 1988, about 32 percent less. Professional women did not get the important assignments and promotions given to their male colleagues (1). † Laws could not completely halt the discrimination of women.Men have always been regarded and treated better than women in the United States. This is partly due to the long standing patriarchal beliefs and practices of our country. â€Å"The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination against women by any company with 25 or more employees (1). † In 1967, executive order 11375 made discrimination based on gender illegal (Imbornoni 1). Women now could share the same opportunities for employment as white males. The Supreme Court upheld a decision stating sex-specific help wanted ads in newspapers were illegal in 1973 (1).By 1985, every state had adopted a law allowing couples t o divorce by mutual consent. California was the first state to ratify the law in 1969. (1). Women could now end marriages they no longer wished to be a part of. Roe vs. Wade (1973) gave women the right to a legal abortion and overturned previous anti-abortion laws (1). Women could now end a pregnancy on their own behalf without legal recourse. The twentieth century provided women with many rights, increased their equality in society, and moved the country farther from its traditional patriarchal beliefs.Without the great strides made in these few decades, women would still occupy the same inferior place in society as they did during the previous centuries. See my suggestion above regarding sentence combining. Patriarchy continues to be part of the United States in the present day. Almost everyone participates in patriarchy whether they wish to or not. The practice has been ingrained into so many aspects of our society; it has basically become a part of the individual. Our society co ntains traits of being dominated by males, male centered, and male identified. These males are frequently obsessed with power and control.Many males go along with patriarchy because it directly benefits them. Abolishing patriarchy would threaten their power and control (Smith 1). People in power, men in this case, want to keep it this way. Historically speaking, powerful positions tend to be regarded as a man’s job. Therefore, as a society we tend to expect our doctors, lawyers, government officials, CEOs, and spiritual leaders to be men as well (1). Society has in the past, and somewhat to this day, associated being a male as a quality for high level positions, and therefore has confused the position with the person in the position (1).Many make assumptions of men being more qualified than women without actually knowing the qualifications of the individual because of this practice. Maleness and masculinity are often used as a basis for comparison in society, and anything not male or masculine is considered less or abnormal. This is clearly evident according to Smith, â€Å"We see the evidence of this characteristic every day in fields like medicine and law where a male lawyer, judge or doctor is just called a lawyer, judge, or doctor, but a female holding the same position is a ‘woman lawyer', a ‘woman judge', a ‘woman doctor'.This is because the assumption is that someone in that position should be male. That is the ‘normal' way of things. When someone who is not male is in one of those positions, we feel the need to identify it as ‘other' (1). † Women still receive less pay than a man for the same job. In 2009, President Obama signed the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act, which allows victims (mostly women) of pay discrimination to file a complaint within 180 days of their last paycheck. The law was named after a Goodyear employee who was paid fifteen to forty percent less than her male counterparts (Imborno ni 1).Our society is remarkably male centered. Men are associated with power so it is normal and expected of them to be in the political spotlight. Because of this association, it is hardly noticed that the news, in general, focuses on men and stories pertaining to them (Smith 1). Men are on the covers of magazines, in the news, and their stories are on television. Stories and ads are directly influenced by the gaze of men (1). Smith hits the nail on the head when he says, Block quotes of four lines or more by tabbing twice and deleting quotation marks—e. g. In women's magazines, we see ads that feature women who are nearly naked, advertising bras or the clothes they are almost wearing. This is not because women like to look at other women but because women are being taught that they have to look a certain way in order for men to like them. Even the articles in women's magazine are male centered as the focus on such topics as ‘ways to please him' and ‘how to know if your man is cheating'. The male gaze, and thus male centeredness, is something that we cannot get away from. (1) As time has pressed on, women now enjoy much more freedom and potential in society presently than ever before.Women now hold many high level jobs, run companies, and are eligible to pursue careers in any field. Patriarchy has diminished greatly over the years but is still evident. It will continue to exist in America if society continues to be male centered. Men will surely hold on to their privilege and power however they can. Patriarchy in society is essentially a power struggle between the sexes. Women gaining power equates to men losing their previous level of power in society. Perhaps one day our society will be completely egalitarian. A woman has never been elected president.Maybe society needs a woman in the highest achievable position in order to reduce the influence of patriarchy. No other event or position could influence the changing of tradition and upset t he power men hold in society as much as a woman being the commander and chief. CONCLUSION For thousands of years, we have lived in â€Å"a man’s world†. Since human civilizations emerged, men have been in charge, ruled the lands, and determined the paths of people to come. So many generations have lived by this belief in pure, conscious or subconscious patriarchal means, and now times are changing.Today, women are enjoying a higher level of freedom, and are stepping up to positions unheard of for women to hold a century ago. Many nations have female presidents, and women all over the world are universally striving for equality. However, change cannot occur overnight. In around a century, we have witnessed a miraculous progression of universal women’s rights coming into existence, a surge of females into a broad, professional workforce, and governmental influences being carried out by female politicians. The more aware women are of patriarchal influences in socie ty, the more can be done to advance universal equality.Equality is essential to rid the world of the belief that a woman cannot do a man’s job or is less qualified because of her gender. You’ve done an excellent job researching this topic. You have a good thesis and support. If you decide to revise this paper and resubmit as the final paper, then consider the following: paragraph combining; consistent use of MLA style throughout, including parenthetical citations and the Works Cited page; and proofread carefully, as there are serious errors in this paper—for example, noun/verb disagreements and fragments. Grade: B-