Plato Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Platonism, Free Essays

Plato Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Platonism, Free Essays Plato The most comprehensive statement of Platos mature philosophical views appears in The Republic, an extended approach to the most fundamental principles for the conduct of human nature. Using the character Socrates as a fictional spokesman, Plato considers the nature and value of justice and the other virtues as they appear both in the structure of society as a whole, and in the personality of an individual human being. This naturally leads to discussions of human nature, the achievement of knowledge, the distinction between appearance and reality, the components of an effective education, and the foundations of morality. Plato formulates a conception of the complexity of psychological motivation, and of the structure of mental conflict, which leaves the simplicities of Socratic intellectualism far behind, and one which has reminded interpreters of Freudian theory (413 Routledge Encyclopaedia) Because The Republic addresses so many issues, it can be read in several different manners: as a treatise on political theory and practice, as a pedagogical handbook, or as a defence of ethical conduct. The Republic as a whole invites us to share in Platos vision of our place within the ultimate structure of reality Imagining likely origins in the prehistorical past, Plato argued that societies are invariably formed for a particular purpose. Individual human beings are not self-sufficient; no one individual working alone can acquire all of the genuine necessities of life. In order to resolve this difficulty, we gather together into communities for the mutual achievement of our common goals. This succeeds because we can work more efficiently if each of us specializes in the practice of a specific craft: I make all of the shoes; you grow all of the vegetables; she does all of the carpentry; etc. Thus, Plato held that separation of functions and specialization of labour are the keys to the establishment of a worthwhile society. The result of this original impulse is a society composed of many individuals, organized into distinct classes according to the value of their role in providing some component part for the common good. But the smooth operation of the whole society will command some additional services that become necessary only because of the creation of the social organization itself. The adjudication of disputes among members and the defence of the city against external attacks. Therefore, not only labourers are specialized but also the guardians and leaders of the state. Having developed a general description of the structure of an ideal society, Plato maintained that the proper functions performed by its disparate classes, working together for the common good, provide a ready account of the need to develop significant social qualities. Since the rulers are responsible for making decisions according to which the entire city will be governed, they must posses great reasoning skills, the capacity to comprehend reality, and the ability to make impartial judgments for the city. Soldiers, charged with the defence of the city against external and internal enemies, on the other hand, need the virtue of bravery. This entails, in accordance with other values, the willingness to carry out their orders in the face of danger without regard for personal risk. The remaining people of the city must follow the leaders instead of pursuing their private interests. They exhibit the subordination of personal desires to a higher purpose. When each of these classes perform its own role appropriately and does not try to carry the functions of any other class, Plato held, the entire city as a whole will operate smoothly. Exhibiting the harmony that is genuine justice. The most comprehensive statement of Platos mature philosophical views appears in The Republic, an extended approach to the most fundamental principles for the conduct of human nature. Using the character Socrates as a fictional spokesman, Plato considers the nature and value of justice and the other virtues as th ey appear both in the structure of society as a whole, and in the personality of an individual human being. This naturally leads to discussions of human nature, the achievement of knowledge, the distinction between appearance and reality, the components of an effective education, and the foundations of morality. Plato formulates a conception of the complexity of psychological motivation, and of the structure of mental conflict, which leaves the simplicities of Socratic intellectualism far

Learning About C# for Beginners

Learning About C# for Beginners C# is a general purpose object-oriented programming language developed at Microsoft and released in 2002. It is similar to Java in its syntax. The purpose of C# is to precisely define a series of operations that a computer can perform to accomplish a task. Most C# operations involve manipulating numbers and text, but anything that the computer can physically do can be programmed in C#. Computers have no intelligence- they have to be told exactly what to do, and their actions are defined by the programming language you use. Once programmed, they can repeat the steps as many times as needed at high speed. Modern PCs are so fast they can count to a billion in seconds. What Can a C# Program Do? Typical programming tasks include  putting data into a database or pulling it out, displaying high-speed graphics in a game or video, controlling electronic devices attached to the PC and playing music or sound effects. You can even use it to write software to generate music or help you compose. Some developers believe that C# is too slow for games  because it is interpreted  rather than compiled. However the .NET Framework compiles the interpreted code the first time it runs. Is C# the Best Programming Language? C# is a highly ranked program language. Many computer languages are written for a specific purpose, but C# is a general purpose language with features to make programs more robust.   Unlike C and to a lesser extent Java, the screen handling in C# is excellent on both desktops and the web. In this role, C# overtook languages such as Visual Basic and Delphi. Which Computers Can Run C#? Any PC that can run the .NET Framework can run the C# programming language. Linux supports C# using the Mono C# compiler. How Do I Get Started With C#? You need a C# compiler. There are a number of commercial and free ones available. The professional version of Visual Studio can compile C# code. Mono is a free and open-source C# compiler. How Do I Begin Writing C# Applications? C# is written using a text editor. You write a computer program as a series of instructions (called statements) in a notation that looks a little like mathematical formulas. This is saved as a  text file and then compiled and linked to generate machine code which you then can run. Most applications you use on a computer were written and compiled like this, many of them in C#. Is There Plenty of C# Open Source Code? Not as much as in Java, C or C but it is starting to become popular. Unlike commercial applications, where the source code is owned by a business and never made available, open source code can be viewed and used by anyone. Its an excellent way to learn coding techniques. The Job Market for C# Programmers There are plenty of C# jobs out there, and C# has the backing of Microsoft, so is likely to be around for a while.   You could write your own games, but youd need to be artistic or need an artist friend because you also need music and sound effects. Perhaps youd prefer a career as a business software developer creating business applications or as a software engineer.

Critique of Memo Paris in The Natural by Bernard Malamud Essay

Critique of Memo Paris in The Natural by Bernard Malamud - Essay Example The essay "Critique of Memo Paris in The Natural by Bernard Malamud" talks about one of the major women characters playing a critical role in the novel â€Å"The Natural† by Bernard Malamud. The memo is depicted as a destructive and materialistic seductress. The character depiction is critically important for the overall storytelling experience in the novel in a number of ways. This is particularly because of the author, Bernard Malamud has skillfully used women characters to advance the themes of the story by presenting them as either saviors or destroyers. Memo Paris character as a destructive force is counterbalanced by the character Iris Lemon who is presented as a constructive and life force. This critique argues that the character Memo Paris plays a critical role of a villain and destructive force behind all the novel’s scenes who eventually brings the protagonist’s fall.Throughout the novel, â€Å"natural† villain characters like Memo Paris are used to provide an important thematic setting that stems from a variety of different mythological stories. According to Griffith â€Å"..you can locate the possible themes of a story or novel based on the actions or the behaviors of the major characters†. The character Memo Paris has been particularly used by the author to bring out the despicable and destructive nature of women. This is particularly seen in when Memo ends up playing a critical role in the eventual destruction of Roy’s career.

Pornography and Interpersonal Relationships Essay

Pornography and Interpersonal Relationships - Essay Example However, porn poses a problem that affects both the personal well-being and the cultural being of a people. In the modern days, porn surrounds all people in many arrays. Porn is not just watched by the sexually deprived, but also healthy individuals and couples are engaging in watching. Many platforms are attributable to the greater rise in porn watching activities among many individuals. Even so, watching porn is not an attribute of high cases of rape. Rather, porn is turning men off women. The discoveries of self-methods of sexual satisfaction are serious attributes of breaking the relationships that exist between men and women. The generation of internet has facilitated the disposal of porn at people’s homes making it easy to access and watch. As much as porn is not the main cause of the social evils that exist in the today world, it provides a great portion. The negative effects of porn outdo the positive impacts to men, women, and couples. Pornography has created a lot of impact in most of the industries especially the entertainment industry. It has invaded the media and accelerated to many platforms due to the changing and advancement of technology. Pornography affects people negatively whether they watch it often or not. It is noted that porn affects men in many ways. Categorically, the case of Sarah’s boyfriend indicates that young men who get addicted to watching porn result neglecting their life duties. Such life deities include neglecting their relationship responsibilities and misuse of money by investing a great amount on the purchase of pornography materials. Porn may also lead to isolation of young men from the rest of their kind (Hall 146). For instance, as much as Sarah is described as a real woman with a great figure and an appetite for adventure, her boyfriend waits until she is asleep so that he can isolate himself and watch porn.

Chemical kinetics is the investigation Essay Example for Free

Chemical kinetics is the investigation Essay The rates at which chemical reactions occur, it is very important as it enables the exploration of reaction mechanism. Even the simplest chemical may consist of a complex sequence of events. Thus, it is customary practice to simplify matters by devising experiment in which, effectively, the concentration of one species only is changing. In this experiment, reactants of different volumes are given, iodine stored in KI(aq) solution is first mixed with given volume of sulphuric acid, acetone and distilled water into a flask. Students are to be worked in pairs. Our group carried out experiment 2 (20cm3 of Acetone) and only experiment 1, 2 and 3 were underwent in our class. Group(Experiment): 1 The flask of mixture is placed in a thermostat. At a fix time interval, portions of mixture are added to a flask containing NaHCO3 solution. Since iodine reacted with acetone to give I- ions, the solution is then titrated against sodium thiosulphate solution, the amount of iodine molecules remained after reaction with acetone are reacted with sodium thiosulphate to give I- ions. At a fixed time interval, the procedure is repeated, thus the reaction rate can be determined by monitoring the volume of titre in each titration. In the experiment, the NaHCO3 is used as a quenching material to quench the reaction of iodine with acetone. CH3COCH3 + I2 CH3COCH2I + H+ +I- I2 (aq) + 2S2O32- (aq) 2I- (aq) + S4O62- (aq). Requirements:0. 02M I2 dissolved in aqueous KI solution 1. 0M acetone dissolved in water 1. 0M sulphuric acid 0. 5M sodium bicarbonate solution Very dilute sodium thiosulphate 25 cm3 pipette 10 cm3 pipette At least 5 clean, dry conical flasks Water trough Burette Measuring cylinder 100cm3 beakers Procedures: ( for pair 2) 25. 0cm3 of sulphuric acid and 20. 0 cm3 of acetone solution were mixed together with 5. 0 cm3 of distilled water into a clean by using 25cm3 pipette and 10 cm3 pipette, dry conical flask, labeled flask B. The flask was stoppered and placed in a thermostat at 25? (water bath). 50.0 cm3 of iodine in KI solution was added in another clean, dry conical flask by using a 25cm3 pipette, labeled flask B. The burette was filled with sodium thiosulphate solution. 10 cm3 portions of the NaHCO3 solution was added into each of three conical flask. The contents of flasks A and B were mixed thoroughly and a stopclock was started at once. The flask containing the reaction mixture was reclamped in the thermostat. The temperature of the mixture was checked carefully, and after about 5 minutes, 10 cm3 of the reaction mixture was pipetted into one of the flask containing the NaHCO3 solution, time at which the act was done was noted. The contents of the flask were mixed thoroughly and the mixture was then titrated against sodium thiosulphate solution. When the mixture was nearly colourless, two or three drops of a fresh starch solution were added and then the titration was continues until one drop of the sodium thiosulphate solution discharged the blue starch – iodine complex colour. After about 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes, further 10 cm3 portions of the reaction mixture were withdrew from the thermostat and the above procedure was carried out each time. All times and titration data were recorded. Data and Analysis: Graph2 ( please refer to the graph paper attached) The table below shows the volume of sodium thiosulphate solution used against time. ( data for graph 1) Time started/ min 6:00 12:30 18:00 21:00 24:00 27:00 Final reading/ cm3 39. 55 29. 50 43. 90 28. 95 42. 65 32. 60 Initial reading/ cm3 23. 15 14. 20 29. 50 14. 75 28. 95 19. 70 Titre/cm3 16. 40 15. 30 14. 40 14. 20 13. 70 12. 90 Temperature readings remain constant during the experiment: 22. 5?. Analysis: From the table, it was noticed that the amount of sodium thiosulphate solution used is directly proportional to the concentration of the remaining iodine. The slope of graph 1 equals to the negative value of the rate of reaction, it implies that iodine concentration drops at a uniform rate. Therefore, rate of change of the iodine concentration is independent of iodine concentration. The reaction of iodine with acetone is zero order with respect to I2. Graph2 ( please refer to the graph paper attached) By combining the results of Group 1, 2 and 3 class results are obtained. The data is used to plot Graph II: rate of reaction against the volume of acetone added. Volume of acetone/ cm3 25. 0 20. 0 15. 0 Analysis: Data marked with ( ) are abandoned because of its great deviation form the estimated value. With the rate of reaction increases with increasing volume of acetone together with a straight line passing through origin, the reaction of iodine with acetone is in first order with respect to acetone. Volume of mixture left = 47 cm3 Observations: Iodine solution was reddish brown in color while the other reactants are colourless. Gaseous bubbles were evolved when the reaction mixture is mixed with NaHCO3.due to formation of carbon dioxide gas. 2NaHCO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) During the titration process, the colour of the mixture containing iodine changed from reddish brown to straw yellow gradually. Once the mixture reached the straw yellow colour, 2-3 drops of starch solution were added into the mixture. The colour turned to dark blue, the solution became colourless after several more drops of sodium thiosulphate were added. Precautions: For mixing the content of flasks A and B, the solution should be transferred alternately between two flasks for 2 – 3 times. The solution is to swirled gently to allow the content inside to mix throughly. Conclusion: For a straight line passing through origin obtained in Graph II and a linear decreasing graph is in Graph I, the reaction of iodine with acetone was to be found in first order with respect to acetone and zero order with respect to I2. Discussion: The experiment cannot be conducted with more than one variable amounts reactions. For reaction more than one reactant, only the concentration of the reactant under investigated (acetone) changes, and the other reactants remain unchanged.

Social Construction of Child and Childhood Essay examples -- Psycholog

Social construction of child and childhood To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (Stam 2001, p. 294)†. Vivien (1995, p. 10) points the origin of social constructionism stems from two to three hundred years ago in the period of enlightenment, modernism and postmodernism. By all means, Berger and Luckmann’ (1966) book The Social Construction of Reality as a first book have a title of â€Å"social construction† has influential contributes in recent studies (Hacking, 1999). In this book, questioning everyday life realities and giving examples from it, shows the importance of social relations and l anguage that we used. Hacking’ The Social Construction of What? (1999) offers up-to-date and logical instances which supports to comprehend those aspects. He listed a number of things to be socially constructed and X as a generic label is used by him to work things as they are. First X does not exist or it is not generated by any natural thing then X existed by history, social interactions and with similar things. He discussed all too often after this process, using theory of social construction results in to change or destroy X render ‘normalisation’. Gender is one of the good examples that he gave which always come to mind whether it is constructed or not. Put it in a simple way, when X is gender; inequalities between men and women caus... ...ook the back of the book (Miller, 1995). Cognitive inability to realize other’ perspective and lack of social conversation are propounded by Piaget the reasons of the egocentrism. Children talk while they play with peers however; this communication does not necessarily related to each other that even in group self communication can exist. He suggests based on his own observations such this speech decrease with age. In other words, egocentric thinking transition from autistic to social thinking and when child start to think silently egocentrism disappear (Piaget,1950). Vygotsky’ view departs from this point; in contradiction age decline he claimed initial mission of egocentric speech is cognitive self- guidance rather than social communication (Rubin, 1973). In commonsense, egocentrism is shaped by development of thoughts but, Piaget attributed it genetic roots.

Research Paper- Social Networking Essay

â€Å"Social Media is about sociology and psychology more than technology†, that’s what The Brain Solis Principal of Future Works is talking about. In this research, the researchers will talk all about the Social networking websites and how it can be useful for each and everyone. Social Networking has been the most famous among all kinds of websites in the Internet all around the world. Sometimes, they are the only ones whom you want to browse when you open your computer and sometimes, they can be very dangerous. You could be a so-called â€Å"Social Networking Addict† wherein you spend your whole day surfing and browsing your Facebook, Twitter or your Tumblr. So in this research, the researchers will tackle about the Social networking sites. A social networking service is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social networking among people. It can help you get along with other people through chat whe ther video, text or voice. You can also share interests, activities, backgrounds or social activities. A Social Network service consists of a profile wherein you can see his or her background and personal information, his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. The main types of social networking services are those that contain connection with friends and a recommendation system to trust. Some popular social Networking services all around the world are Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr. Web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities. Through e-mail and instant messaging, online communities are created. Social networks are providing a different way for individuals to communicate digitally. These communities of hypertexts allow for the sharing of information and ideas, an old concept placed in a digital environment. Social networking sites have so  much features. A profile is generated from answers to questions, such as age, location, interests, etc. Some sites allow users to upload pictures, add multimedia content or modify the look and feel of the profile. Many sites allow users to post blog entries, search for others with similar interests and compile and share lists of contacts. User profiles often have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. To protect user privacy, social networks typically have controls that allow users to choose who can view their profile, contact them, add them to their list of contacts, and so on. Some social networks have additional features, such as the ability to create groups that share common interests, upload or stream live videos, and hold discussions in forums. In most mobile communities, mobile phone users can now create their own profiles, make friends, participate in chatrooms, create chat rooms, hold private conversations, share photos and videos, and share blogs by using their mobile phone. One of the most popular wireless services for social networking is Facebook Mobile. As the increase in popularity of social networking is on a constant rise, new uses for the technology are constantly being observed. Social networking sites are the concept of â€Å"real-time web† and â€Å"location-based.â €  Real-time allows users to contribute content, which is then broadcast as it is being uploaded, the concept is like a live radio and television broadcasts. Twitter set the trend for â€Å"real-time† services, wherein users can broadcast to the world what they are doing, or what is on their minds within a 140-character limit. Facebook followed suit with their â€Å"Live Feed† where users activities are streamed as soon as it happens. Tumblr used their Social network as a blog posts where users can share what they want to share and click the favourite button if they like the blog. Social networks are also being used by teachers and students as a communication tool. Because many students are already using a wide range of social networking sites, teachers have begun to familiarize themselves with this trend and are now using it to their advantage. Teachers and professors are doing everything from creating chat-room forums and groups to extend classroom discussion to posting assignments, tests and quizzes, to assisting with homework outside of the classroom. Social networking sites are also being used by some young adults to fi nd a job. Through chatting, they can find a job online. They are also used as an entertainment likewise the games on Facebook and Friendster  wherein you level up in the game. Finally, social networking is a way for one person to meet up with other people on the net. People use social networking sites for meeting new friends, finding old friends, or locating people who have the same problems or interests they have. More and more relationships and friendships are being formed online and then carried to an offline relationship. Sometimes, it has been used as an online dating to find your true love. But if there’s advantages, there are also disadvantages. Social networking can take risks in the Kids and children. It can be a cause of Online Bullying and sometimes, Suicide. Social Networking sites can also be the cause of some Pyschological effects in some people like spending an excessive amount of time on the Internet in general and social networking sites. That is why Social networking Research is very important to learn and to tackle about because through this, you and me can be aware in this types of cases. The researchers are not saying that Using Social network sites are bad. You just have to minimize using it because if you don’t you could have Pyschological effects in your mind and in your body. That is why researching this Topic and talking about it is very important. Statement of the Problem At the end of this study, the researchers would be able to answer the following questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Social Networking Sites? 2. Are you in favor of Social Networking Sites? 3. Why are some people being a so-called â€Å"addict† on Social Networking Sites? 4. What are some disorders or illnesses that you can get from being a Social Networking Addict? 5. How can you avoid being a Social Networking Addict? Importance of the Study The researchers believed that this endeavour would be beneficial to the following: To the students, To the parents, To the teachers, To the young people and to the community. Definition of Terms Here are some of the terms found in this study. Blog. This term refers to an online post entry wherein you can post stories, messages, photos and videos. Users can share what they want to share. Chat. This term refers to quick messaging wherein you can hold private conversations. Communication. This term refers to social interactions so that you may talk to friends, families and acquaintances. Electronic Mail. This term refers to sending a message to someone through online services. Facebook. This term refers to a Social-Network site that is established by Mark Zuckerberg so that you may be connected with your loved ones abroad and in the country. Forum. This term refers to an open conversation with some acquaintances. Hypertexts. This term refers to links or texts that are being highlighted. Instant Messaging. This term refers to sending a message or a mail through online services quickly. Live Feed. This term refers to updated headlines and News feeds that are being posted in your wall. Online Bullying. This term refers to a horrible conversation wherein two or more persons were arguing through mean words. Online Dating. This term refers to finding a partner through online services like video chatting etc. Profile. This term refers to your main wall wherein you can see your post blog entries, recent photos, videos, events etc. Real-Time Web. This term refers to allowing users to contribute content, which is then broadcast as it is being uploaded, the concept is like a live radio and television broadcasts. Social Media. This term refers to sociology and psychology more than technology. Social Networking. This term refers to been the most famous among all kinds of websites in the Internet all around the world. Social Networking Addiction. This term refers to an illness wherein you want to spend your whole day in the Internet to browse Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr etc. Tumblr. This term refers to an Online Social Networking sites used as a blog entry and wherein you can post videos, photos and so much more. Twitter. This term refers to Social Networking sites wherein you can post tweets and you can browse trending topics. User Privacy. This term refers to security system of your social network account. Wireless Services. This term refers to increase in popularity of social networking is on a constant rise and wherein it is an online service that is used in some social networking sites.